{"author":null,"backreferences":[{"context_html":"<p>Those emotions which the Greeks call εὐπαθείαι, and\r\nwhich Cicero calls <i>constantiæ</i>, the Stoics would restrict to\r\nthree; and, instead of three \"perturbations\" in the soul of\r\nthe wise man, they substituted severally, in place of desire,\r\nwill; in place of joy, contentment; and for fear, caution;\r\nand as to sickness or pain, which we, to avoid ambiguity,\r\npreferred to call sorrow, they denied that it could exist in the\r\nmind of a wise man. Will, they say, seeks the good, for this\r\nthe wise man does. Contentment has its object in good that\r\nis possessed, and this the wise man continually possesses.\r\nCaution avoids evil, and this the wise man ought to avoid.\r\nBut sorrow arises from evil that has already happened; and\r\nas they suppose that no evil can happen to the wise man,\r\nthere can be no representative of sorrow in his mind. According\r\nto them, therefore, none but the wise man wills, is\r\ncontented, uses caution; and that the fool can do no more\r\nthan desire, rejoice, fear, be sad. The former three affections<span class=\"pagenum\"><a id=\"Page_13\">[Pg 13]</a></span>\r\nCicero calls <i>constantiæ</i>, the last four <i>perturbationes</i>. Many,\r\nhowever, call these last <i>passions</i>; and, as I have said, the\r\nGreeks call the former εὐπαθείαι, and the latter παθήματα. And\r\nwhen I made a careful examination of Scripture to find\r\nwhether this terminology was sanctioned by it, I came upon\r\nthis saying of the prophet: \"There is no contentment to the\r\nwicked, saith the Lord;\"<a id=\"FNanchor_40_40\"></a><a class=\"fnanchor pginternal\" href=\"#Footnote_40_40\">[40]</a> as if the wicked might more properly\r\nrejoice than be contented regarding evils, for contentment\r\nis the property of the good and godly. I found also\r\nthat verse in the Gospel: \"Whatsoever ye would that men\r\nshould do unto you, do ye even so unto them;\"<a id=\"FNanchor_41_41\"></a><a class=\"fnanchor pginternal\" href=\"#Footnote_41_41\">[41]</a> which seems\r\nto imply that evil or shameful things may be the object of\r\ndesire, but not of will. Indeed, some interpreters have added\r\n\"good things\" to make the expression more in conformity\r\nwith customary usage, and have given this meaning, \"Whatsoever\r\ngood deeds that ye would that men should do unto\r\nyou.\" For they thought that this would prevent any one\r\nfrom wishing other men to provide him with unseemly, not to\r\nsay shameful, gratifications,—luxurious banquets, for example,—on\r\nthe supposition that if he returned the like to them he\r\nwould be fulfilling this precept. In the Greek Gospel, however,\r\nfrom which the Latin is translated, \"good\" does not\r\noccur, but only, \"All things whatsoever ye would that men\r\nshould do unto you, do ye even so unto them,\" and, as I\r\nbelieve, because \"good\" is already included in the word\r\n\"would;\" for He does not say \"desire.\"</p>","headings":["THE CITY OF GOD.","BOOK FOURTEENTH.[1]","ARGUMENT."],"marker_anchor":null,"paragraph_id":"pg45305-paragraph-40"}],"canonical_references":[],"date_end":null,"date_start":null,"deduplication_fingerprint":"48ac428f15bb880ce01f773838bdb1185abc645e6e8fcb63ffa922019f510a74","edition_title":"The City of God, Volume II","edition_translators":["Marcus Dods","George Wilson (Books XVII-XVIII)"],"edition_year":1871,"explicit_reference_candidates":[{"book":"ISA","chapter":57,"kind":"unreviewed","source_notation":"Isa. lvii. 21","verse":21,"verse_end":21}],"headings":[],"id":"pg45305-Footnote_40_40","license_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html","public_import_allowed":false,"record_kind":"original-editor-translator-note","review_required":["work and recension attribution","original-work chronology","Bible reference numbering and citation kind","English edition rights and attribution"],"review_status":"needs_review","rights_evidence":"Provider catalog reports public domain in the USA. Original transcription title leaves state T. & T. Clark, Edinburgh, 1871; printed translator allocation retained. Gutenberg credits Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries without an exact scan identifier. Full provider license preserved with acquired original; republication and per-work metadata remain unreviewed.","source_anchor":"Footnote_40_40","source_ebook":45305,"source_html":"<div class=\"footnote\">\n<p><a id=\"Footnote_40_40\"></a><a class=\"pginternal\" href=\"#FNanchor_40_40\"><span class=\"label\">[40]</span></a> Isa. lvii. 21.</p></div>","source_sha256":"7e0ced9e70512f3cf050b53c9d548e36b70d468d875153869f95d8aff5bbb530","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/45305/pg45305-images.html#Footnote_40_40","text_sha256":"630171a7a7454b3fec277d98e06c4994b882547a91d5a1f2f3b16f5cfadd9cf4","verified":false,"work_id":null}