{"author":"Historical editor/translator (individual note author unspecified)","date_end":1886,"date_label":"1886 (historical English edition; transcription printing date uncertain)","date_start":1886,"edition_year":1886,"edition_year_basis":"Original ANF V copyright 1886; physical transcription printing date uncertain","id":"ws-library-full-note:1a13bd672b0903f33f29:cite_note-32","is_genuine_commentary_verified":false,"license_url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikisource:Reusing_Wikisource_content","public_import_allowed":true,"publication_location":"source-library","record_type":"editorial-footnote","references":[],"rights_approved":true,"section":"Chapter uncertain; original source section: Elucidations, editorial note cite_note-32","semantic_kind_reviewed":false,"source_context":["Origen’s treatise Against Celsus shows how cunningly the adversaries of the Gospel could assume a Jewish position against it; and the first two books of that work are designed to establish a perfect harmony between the Old Testament and the New, proving Christ to be the substance and sum of both. Cyprian may have foreseen the perils menacing the Church from the school of Plotinus, already rising, and which soon sent forth the venomous Porphyry. He was but a presbyter when he wrote this excellent defence of the faith; and his earnest pastoral care for his pupil is shown by his addition of a third book, entirely practical. The catechetical system of St. Luke’s day had become a developed feature of the Church (St. Cyril’s lectures in the succeeding century show how it was further expanded), and it also illustrates the purity of her moral teaching. Our author harmonizes faith and works, and presents her simple scriptural precepts in marked contrast with the putrid casuistry which Pascal exposes, and which grew up in the West with the enforcement of auricular confession by Innocent III., a.d. 1215. The theory of transubstantiation was also made a dogma at the same time, and operated, with the other, to the total extinguishment of the primitive discipline and worship. The withholding of the chalice in the Holy Communion followed, a.d. 1415."],"source_library_url":"/library/1a13bd672b0903f33f29/#ws-library-full-note:1a13bd672b0903f33f29:cite_note-32","source_url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ante-Nicene_Fathers/Volume_V/Cyprian/The_Treatises_of_Cyprian/Elucidations#cite_note-32","translator":"Robert Ernest Wallis (translator), Alexander Roberts (series editor), James Donaldson (series editor), Arthur Cleveland Coxe (American edition editor)","verification":{"proof_file":"raw/review/source-library-note-batch-0057/proof-records.jsonl","proof_file_sha256":"b9f615c66eafa7d4ea57647d1cf185165c893b00347fa7d29163806b197e9792","proof_record_id":"ws-library-full-note:1a13bd672b0903f33f29:cite_note-32"},"verified":true,"work":"The Treatises of Cyprian","work_id":"ws-cyprian-anf5-1a13bd672b0903f33f29"}