{"author":null,"backreferences":[{"context_html":"<p>So the church is full of those, as well chaste women as men, who all\r\ntheir life have courted the death which rouses up to Christ. For the\r\nindividual whose life is framed as<span class=\"pagenum\" id=\"Page_166\">[166]</span> ours is, may philosophize without\r\nLearning, whether barbarian, whether Greek, whether slave—whether\r\nan old man, or a boy, or a woman. For self-control is common to all\r\nhuman beings who have made choice of it. And we admit that the same\r\nnature exists in every race, and the same virtue. As far as respects\r\nhuman nature, the woman does not possess one nature, and the man\r\nexhibit another, but the same: so also with virtue. If, consequently, a\r\nself-restraint and righteousness, and whatever qualities are regarded\r\nas following them, is the virtue of the male, it belongs to the male\r\nalone to be virtuous, and to the woman to be licentious and unjust.\r\nBut it is offensive even to say this. Accordingly woman is to practise\r\nself-restraint and righteousness, and every other virtue, as well as\r\nman, both bond and free; since it is a fit consequence that the same\r\nnature possesses one and the same virtue. We do not say that woman’s\r\nnature is the same as man’s, as she is woman. For undoubtedly it stands\r\nto reason that some difference should exist between each of them,\r\nin virtue of which one is male and the other female. Pregnancy and\r\nparturition, accordingly, we say belong to woman, as she is woman, and\r\nnot as she is a human being. But if there were no difference between\r\nman and woman, both would do and suffer the same things. As then\r\nthere is sameness, as far as respects the soul, she will attain to\r\nthe same virtue; but as there is difference as respects the peculiar\r\nconstruction of the body, she is destined for child-bearing and\r\nhousekeeping. “For I would have you know,” says the apostle, “that\r\nthe head of every man is Christ; and the head of the woman is the\r\nman: for the man is not of the woman, but the woman of the man. For\r\nneither is the woman without the man, nor the man without the woman,\r\nin the Lord.”<a class=\"fnanchor pginternal\" href=\"#Footnote_555\" id=\"FNanchor_555\">[555]</a> For as we say that the man ought to be continent,\r\nand superior to pleasures; so also we reckon that the woman should be\r\ncontinent and practised in fighting against pleasures. “But I say,\r\nWalk in the Spirit, and ye shall not fulfil the lusts of the flesh,”\r\ncounsels the apostolic command; “for the flesh lusteth against the\r\nspirit,<span class=\"pagenum\" id=\"Page_167\">[167]</span> and the spirit against the flesh. These, then, are contrary”\r\n(not as good to evil, but as fighting advantageously), he adds\r\ntherefore, “so that ye cannot do the things that ye would. Now the\r\nworks of the flesh are manifest, which are, fornication, uncleanness,\r\nprofligacy, idolatry, witchcrafts, enmities, strifes, jealousies,\r\nwrath, contentions, dissensions, heresies, envyings, drunkenness,\r\nrevellings, and such like; of which I tell you before, as I have\r\nalso said before, that they which do such things shall not inherit\r\nthe kingdom of God. But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace,\r\nlong-suffering, gentleness, temperance, goodness, faith, meekness.”\r\nHe calls sinners, as I think, “flesh,” and the righteous “spirit.”\r\nFurther, manliness is to be assumed in order to produce confidence and\r\nforbearance, so as “to him that strikes on the one cheek, to give to\r\nhim the other; and to him that takes away the cloak, to yield to him\r\nthe coat also,” strongly restraining anger. For we do not train our\r\nwomen like Amazons to manliness in war; since we wish the men even to\r\nbe peaceable. I hear that the Sarmatian women practise war no less\r\nthan the men; and the women of the Sacæ besides, who shoot backwards,\r\nfeigning flight as well as the men. I am aware, too, that the women\r\nnear Iberia practise manly work and toil, not refraining from their\r\ntasks even though near their delivery; but even in the very struggle of\r\nher pains, the woman, on being delivered, taking up the infant, carries\r\nit home. Further, the females no less than the males manage the house,\r\nand hunt, and keep the flocks:</p>","headings":["THE WRITINGS OF CLEMENT OF ALEXANDRIA.","BOOK IV.","CHAPTER VIII. WOMEN AS WELL AS MEN, SLAVES AS WELL AS FREEMEN, CANDIDATES FOR THE MARTYR’S CROWN."],"marker_anchor":"FNanchor_555","paragraph_id":"pg73020-paragraph-218"}],"canonical_references":[],"date_end":null,"date_start":null,"deduplication_fingerprint":"3dcb02342fdef777af4975985cd138672854ebbb34c93f874ac5bc9a53136d52","edition_title":"The writings of Clement of Alexandria, Vol. 2 (of 2)","edition_translators":["William Wilson"],"edition_year":1869,"explicit_reference_candidates":[{"book":"1CO","chapter":11,"kind":"unreviewed","source_notation":"1 Cor. xi. 3","verse":3,"verse_end":3}],"headings":[],"id":"pg73020-Footnote_555","license_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html","public_import_allowed":false,"record_kind":"original-editor-translator-note","review_required":["work and recension attribution","original-work chronology","Bible reference numbering and citation kind","English edition rights and attribution"],"review_status":"needs_review","rights_evidence":"Project Gutenberg metadata: Public domain in the USA. Existing 1869 English translation; translator died 1875. Electronic transcription subject to Project Gutenberg reuse terms.","source_anchor":"Footnote_555","source_ebook":73020,"source_html":"<div class=\"footnote\">\n<p><a class=\"label pginternal\" href=\"#FNanchor_555\" id=\"Footnote_555\">[555]</a> 1 Cor. xi. 3, 8, 11.</p>\n</div>","source_sha256":"c35077683d75abe553cc6ef5d3ef5a1a978f07dfbcf4bad5c3d56302ad03dc19","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/73020/pg73020-images.html#Footnote_555","text_sha256":"af4216fefbb1d6bdabc896ff01038bc54b6c0412ac0464dfcf902813dab2e1cd","verified":false,"work_id":null}