Chapter 25.—How the Temperate
Style is to Be Used.
55. From all this we may
conclude, that the end arrived at by the two styles last mentioned
is the one which it is most essential for those who aspire to speak
with wisdom and eloquence to secure. On the other hand, what the
temperate style properly aims at, viz., to please by beauty of
expression, is not in itself an adequate end; but when what we have
to say is good and useful, and when the hearers are both acquainted
with it and favorably disposed towards it, so that it is not
necessary either to instruct or persuade them, beauty of style may
have its influence in securing their prompter compliance, or in
making them adhere to it more tenaciously. For as the function of
all eloquence, whichever of these three forms it may assume, is to
speak persuasively, and its object is to persuade, an eloquent man
will speak persuasively, whatever style he may adopt; but unless he
succeeds in persuading, his eloquence has not secured its object.
Now in the subdued style, he persuades his hearers that what he
says is true; in the majestic style, he persuades them to do what
they are aware they ought to do, but do not; in the temperate
style, he persuades them that his speech is elegant and ornate.
But what use is there in attaining such an object as this last?
They may desire it who are vain of their eloquence and make a boast
of panegyrics, and such-like performances, where the object is not
to instruct the hearer, or to persuade him to any course of action,
but merely to give him pleasure. We, however, ought to make that
end subordinate to another, viz., the effecting by this style of
eloquence what we aim at effecting when we use the majestic
style. For we may by the use of this style persuade men to
cultivate good habits and give up evil ones, if they are not so
hardened as to need the vehement style; or if they have already
begun a good course, we may induce them to pursue it more
zealously, and to persevere in it with constancy. Accordingly,
even in the temperate style we must use beauty of expression not
for ostentation, but for wise ends; not contenting ourselves merely
with pleasing the hearer, but rather seeking to aid him in the
pursuit of the good end which we hold out before him.