Mr. C.F.H.
Johnston (The Book of St. Basil the Great on the Holy
Spirit), in noting that St. Basil in the De Sp. Scto.
refrained from directly using the term Θεός of the Holy Ghost, remarks
that he also avoided the use of the term ὁμοούσιος
of the Son, “in accordance with his own opinion
expressed in Ep. ix.” In Ep. ix., however,
he rather gives his reasons for preferring the homoousion. The
epitome of the essay of C. G. Wuilcknis (Leipsig, 1724) on the
economy or reserve of St. Basil, appended by Mr. Johnston, is a
valuable and interesting summary of the best defence which can be
made for such reticence. It is truly pointed out that the only
possible motive in Basil’s case was the desire of serving God,
for no one could suspect or accuse him of ambition, fear, or
covetousness. And if there was an avoidance of a particular
phrase, there was no paltering with doctrine. As Dr. Swete
(Doctrine of the H. S., p. 64) puts it: “He knew
that the opponents of the Spirit’s Deity were watching their
opportunity. Had the actual name of God been used in reference
to the Third Person of the Trinity, they would have risen, and, on
the plea of resisting blasphemy, expelled St. Basil from his see,
which would then have been immediately filled by a Macedonian
prelate. In private conversation with Gregory, Basil not only
asserted again and again the Godhead of the Spirit, but even
confirmed his statement with a solemn imprecation,
ἐπαρασάμενος
ἑαυτῷ τὸ
φρικωδέστατον,
αὐτοῦ τοῦ
πνεύματος
ἐκπεσεῖν εἰ
μὴ σέβοι τὸ
πνεῦμα μετὰ
πατρὸς καὶ
῾Υιοῦ ὡς
ὁμοούσιον
καὶ
ὁμότιμον.”
(Greg. Naz., Or. xliii.) In Letter viii. §
11 he distinctly calls the Spirit God, as in Adv. Eunomius,
v., if the latter be genuine. In the De S. Scto. (p.
12) Basil uses the word οἰκονομία
in the patristic sense nearly equivalent to
incarnation. In the passage of Bp. Lightfoot, referred
to in the note on p. 7, he points out how in Ign. ad Eph.
xviii, the word has “already reached its first stage on the
way to the sense of ‘dissimulation,’ which was
afterwards connected with it, and which led to disastrous
consequences in the theology and practice of a later
age.” On “Reserve” as taught by later
casuists, see Scavini, Theolog. Mor. ii. 23, the letters of
Pascal, and Jer. Taylor, Ductor Dubit. iii.
2.