Thus the Son becomes flesh, and that by true maternity
on the Virgin’s part. But man is more than flesh; he is
soul as well, and it is the soul which makes him man instead of
matter. The soul, as we saw, is created by a special act of God
at the beginning of the separate existence of each human being; and
Christ, to be true man and not merely true flesh, created for Himself
the human soul which was necessary for true humanity. He had
borrowed from the Apollinarians, consciously no doubt, their
interpretation of one of their favourite passages, ‘The Word
became flesh’; here again we find an argument of heretics
rendered harmless and adopted by orthodoxy. For the strange
Apollinarian denial to Christ
of a human soul, and therefore of perfect manhood, is not only
expressly contradicted E.g.
Trin. x. 22 in. The human soul is clearly
intended. Schwane, ii. 268, justly praises Hilary for greater
accuracy than his contemporaries in laying stress upon each of the
constituent elements of Christ’s humanity, and especially upon
the soul; in this respect following Tertullian and Origen., but repudiated on
every page by the contrary assumption on which all Hilary’s
arguments are based. Christ, then, is ‘perfect man In Trin.
x. 21 f. is an argument analogous to that of the De Synodis
concerning the Godhead. Christ is Man because He is perfectly
like man, just as in the Homœusian argument He is God because He
is perfectly like God., of a reasonable soul and Human flesh
subsisting,’ for Whom the Virgin has performed the normal
functions of maternity. But there is one wide and obvious
difference between Hilary’s mode of handling the matter and that
with which we are familiar. His view concerning the
mother’s office forbids his laying stress upon our Lord’s
inheritance from her. Occasionally, and without emphasis, he
mentions our Lord as the Son of David, or otherwise introduces His
human ancestry E.g. Comm.
in Matt. i.; Tr. in Ps. lxviii. 19., but he never
dwells upon the subject. He neither bases upon this ancestry the
truth, nor deduces from it the character, of Christ’s
humanity. Such is Hilary’s account of the facts of the
Incarnation. In his teaching there is no doubt error as well as
defect, but only in the mode of explanation, not in the doctrine
explained. It will help us to do him justice if we may compare
the theories that have been framed concerning another great doctrine,
that of the Atonement, and remember that the strangely diverse
speculations of Gregory the Great and of St. Anselm profess to account
for the same facts, and that, so far as definitions of the Church are
concerned, we are free to accept one or other, or neither, of the rival
explanations.