When Basil overcame the efforts of his companions
to detain him at Athens, Gregory was prevailed on to remain for a while
longer. Basil therefore made his rapid journey homeward
alone. His Letter to Eustathius Ep. i. alleges as the
chief reason for his hurried departure the desire to profit by the
instruction of that teacher. This may be the language of
compliment. In the same letter he speaks of his fortitude in
resisting all temptation to stop at the city on the Hellespont.
This city I hesitate to recognise, with Maran, as Constantinople.
There may have been inducements to Basil to stop at Lampsacus and it is
more probably Lampsacus that he avoided. What these
inducements can have been it seems vain to conjecture. cf.
Ep. i. and note. At
Cæsarea he was welcomed as one of the most distinguished of her
sons, Greg. Naz.,
Or. xliii. and there for a
time taught rhetoric with conspicuous success. Rufinus xi. 9. A deputation came from
Neocæsarea to request him to undertake educational work at
that city, Ep. ccx. §
2. The time assigned by Maran for the incident here narrated is
no doubt the right one. But the deputation need have travelled no
farther than to Annesi, if, as is tolerably certain, Basil on his
return from Athens visited his relatives and the family
estate. and in vain
endeavoured to detain The word
κατασχεῖν
would be natural if they sought to keep him in Pontus; hardly, if
their object was to bring him from Cæsarea. him by lavish
promises. According to his friend Gregory, Basil had already
determined to renounce the world, in the sense of devoting himself
to an ascetic and philosophic life. Or.
xliii. His brother Gregory,
however, Vit. Mac. represents him as
at this period still under more mundane influences, and as shewing
something of the self-confidence and conceit which are
occasionally to be observed in young men who have just
successfully completed an university career, and as being largely
indebted to the persuasion and example of his sister Macrina for
the resolution, with which he now carried out the determination to
devote himself to a life of self-denial. To the same period
may probably be referred Basil’s baptism. The
sacrament was administered by Dianius. cf. De Sp.
Scto. xxix., where the description of the bishop who both
baptized and ordained Basil, and spent a long life in the ministry, can
apply only to Dianius. cf. Maran, Vit. Bas.
iii. It would be quite consonant with
the feelings of the times that pious parents like the elder Basil
and Emmelia should shrink from admitting their boy to holy baptism
before his encountering the temptations of school and university
life. According to the
legendary life of St. Basil, attributed to St. Amphilochius, he was
baptized at Jerusalem. Nor is it right to omit to notice the
argument of Wall (Infant Baptism, ch. x.) founded on a
coincidence between two passages in the writings of Greg. Naz. In
Or. xl. ad init. he speaks of baptism as a
γένεσις
ἡμερινὴ καὶ
ἐλευθέρα καὶ
λυτικὴ παθῶν,
πᾶν τὸ ἀπὸ
γενέσεως
κάλυμμα
περιτέμνουσα,
καὶ πρὸς τὴν
ἄνω ζωὴν
ἐπανάγουσα. In Or. xliii., he says of Basil that
τὰ πρῶτα
τῆς ἡλικίας
ῦπὸ τῷ
πατρὶ…σπαργανοῦται
καὶ
διαπλάττεται
πλάσιν τὴν
ἀρίστην τε
καὶ
καθαρωτάτην,
ἣν ἡμερινὴν
ὁ θεῖος
Δαβιδ καλῶς
ὀνουάζει
καὶ τῆς
νυχτερινῆς
ἀντίθετον.
As they stand alone, there is something to be said for the
conclusion Wall deduces from these passages. Against it
there is the tradition of the later baptism, with the indication
of Dianius as having performed the rite in the De Sp.
Scto. 29. On the other hand τὰ πρῶτα
τῆς
ἡλικιας might possibly
refer not to infancy, but to boyhood. The assigned
date, 357, may be
reasonably accepted, and shortly after his baptism he was ordained
Reader. De S. Scto.
xxiv. On his growing seriousness of character, cf. Ep.
ccxxiii. It was about
this that he visited monastic settlements in Palestine,
Mesopotamia, Cœle Syria, and Egypt, Epp. i. and
ccxxiii. § 2.
though he was not so fortunate as to encounter the great pope
Athanasius. Ep. lxxx. Probably
during this tour he began the friendship with Eusebius of Samosata
which lasted so long.