I will not pass in silence the cunning and
trickery of the squid, which takes the colour of the rock to which it
attaches itself. Most fish swim idly up to the squid as they
might to a rock, and become themselves the prey of the crafty
creature. cf. Theog.
215:
πούλυπου
ὀργὴν ἴσχε
πολυπλόκου,
ὃς ποτὶ
πέτρῃ
τῇ
προσομιλήσει
τοῖος ἰδεῖν
ἐφάνη
Νῦν
μὲν τῇς
ἐφέπου, ποτὲ
δ᾽ἀλλοῖος
χρόα
γίγνου,
κραιπνόν
τοι σοφίη
γίγνεται
εὐτροπίης
.
Greg. Naz., Or. xxxvi.:
πολλὰς
μεταλαμβάνων
χρόας ὥσπερ
τὰ τῶν πετρῶν
εἱ πολύποδες
αἷς ἃν
ὁμιλήσωσι, and
Arist., Hist. An. ix. 37: καὶ θηρεύει
τοὺς ἰχθῦς
τὸ χρῶμα
μεταβάλλων
καὶ ποιῶν
ὅμοιον οἷς δη
πλησιάζῃ
λίθοις. Such are men
who court ruling
powers, bending themselves to all circumstances and not remaining for a
moment in the same purpose; who praise self-restraint in the company of
the self-restrained, and license in that of the licentious,
accommodating their feelings to the pleasure of each. It is
difficult to escape them and to put ourselves on guard against their
mischief; because it is under the mask of friendship that they hide
their clever wickedness. Men like this are ravening wolves
covered with sheep’s clothing, as the Lord calls
them. cf.
Matt. vii.
15. Flee then
fickleness and pliability; seek truth, sincerity, simplicity.
The serpent is shifty; so he has been condemned to crawl. The
just is an honest man, like Job. So the Cod.
Colb. and Eustathius, who renders Justus nihil habet fictum
sicut Job. The Ben. Ed. suspect that Basil wrote
Jacob and Job. Four mss. support
Jacob alone, who, whatever may be the meaning of the Hebrew
in Gen. xxv.
27, is certainly
ἄπλαστος only in the
LXX., and a bad instance of guilelessness.
Wherefore God setteth the solitary in families.
Ps. lxviii.
6. So is this great and wide sea,
wherein are things creeping innumerable, both small and great
beasts.
Ps. civ. 25. Yet a wise
and marvellous order reigns among these animals. Fish do not
always deserve our reproaches; often they offer us useful
examples. How is it that each sort of fish, content with the
region that has been assigned to it, never travels over its own
limits to pass into foreign seas? No surveyor has ever
distributed to them their habitations, nor enclosed them in walls,
nor assigned limits to them; each kind has been naturally assigned
its own home. One gulf nourishes one kind of fish, another
other sorts; those which swarm here are absent elsewhere. No
mountain raises its sharp peaks between them; no rivers bar the
passage to them; it is a law of nature, which according to the needs
of each kind, has allotted to them their dwelling places with
equality and justice. cf.
Cudworth, Int. Syst. iii. 37, 23: “Besides this
plastick Nature which is in animals, forming their several bodies
artificially, as so many microcosms or little worlds, there must
also be a general plastick Nature in the macrocosm, the whole
corporeal universe, that which makes all things thus to conspire
everywhere, and agree together into one harmony. Concerning
which plastick nature of the universe, the Author De Mundo
writes after this manner, καὶ τὸν
ὅλον κόσμον,
διεκόσμησε
μία ἡ διὰ
πάντων
διήκουσα
δύναμις, one power,
passing through all things, ordered and formed the whole
world. Again he calls the same πνεῦμα καὶ
ἔμψυχον καὶ
γόνιμον
οὐσίαν, a spirit, and a
living and Generative Nature, and plainly declares it to be a thing
distinct from the Deity, but subordinate to it and dependent on
it. But Aristotle himself, in that genuine work of his before
mentioned, speaks clearly and positively concerning the Plastick
Nature of the Universe, as well as that of animals, in these
words: ‘It seemeth that as there is Art in Artificial
things, so in the things of Nature, there is another such like
Principle or Cause, which we ourselves partake of: in the same
manner as we do of Heat and Cold, from the Universe. Wherefore
it is more probable that the whole world was at first made by such a
cause as this (if at least it were made) and that it is still
conserved by the same, than mortal animals should be so: for
there is much more of order and determinate Regularity in the
Heavenly Bodies that in ourselves; but more of Fortuitousness and
inconstant Regularity among these mortal things.
Notwithstanding which, some there are, who though they cannot but
acknowledge that the Bodies of Animals were all framed by an
Artificial Nature, yet they will need contend that the System of the
Heavens sprung merely from Fortune and Chance; although there be not
the least appearance of Fortuitousness or Temerity in it.’
And then he sums up all into this conclusion:
ὥστε εἶναι
φανερὸν ὅτι
ἔστι τι
τοιοῦτον ὃ
δὴ καὶ
καλοῦμεν
φύσιν. ‘Wherefore it
is manifest that there is some such thing as that which we call
Nature,’ that is, that there is not only an
‘Artificial,’ ‘Methodical,’ and Plastick
Nature in Animals, by which their respective Bodies are Framed
and Conserved, but also that there is such a General Plastick
Nature likewise in the Universe, by which the Heavens and whole
World are thus Artificially Ordered and
Disposed.”