There was now a lull in the storm. Basil,
completely reconciled to Eusebius, began to consolidate the
archiepiscopal power which he afterward wielded as his own, ἐντεῦθεν
ἀυτῶ περιῆν
καὶ τὸ
κράτος τῆς
ἐκκλησίας,
εἰ καὶ τῆς
καθέδρας
εἶχε τὰ
δεύτερα.
Greg. Naz. Or. xliii. over the various provinces in which the
metropolitan of Cæsarea exercised exarchic authority. cf.
Maran, Vit. Bas. xiv. and D.C.A. s.v.
exarch. The archbishop of Cæsarea was exarch of the
provinces (ἐπαρχίαι)
comprised in the Pontic Diocese. Maran refers to
Letters xxviii., xxx., and xxxiv., as all shewing the
important functions discharged by Basil while yet a
presbyter. In the meantime the Semiarians were
beginning to share with the Catholics the hardships inflicted by the
imperial power. At Lampsacus in 364 they had condemned the
results of Ariminum and Constantinople, and had reasserted the
Antiochene Dedication Creed of 341. In 366 they sent deputies to
Liberius at Rome, who proved their orthodoxy by subscribing the Nicene
Creed. Basil had not been present at Lampsacus, Ep.
ccxxiii.
but he had met Eustathius and other bishops on their way thither, and
had no doubt influenced the decisions of the synod. Now the
deputation to the West consisted of three of those bishops with whom he
was in communication, Eustathius of Sebasteia, Silvanus of Tarsus, and
Theophilus of Castabala. To the first it was an opportunity for
regaining a position among the orthodox prelates. It can hardly
have been without the persuasion of Basil that the deputation went so
far as they did in accepting the homoousion, but it is a little
singular, and indicative of the comparatively slow awakening of the
Church in general to the perils of the degradation of the Holy Ghost,
that no profession of faith was demanded from the Lampsacene delegates
on this subject. Hefele,
§ 88. Schröckh, Kirch, xii. 31. Swete,
Doctrine of the Holy Spirit, 54. In 367 the
council of Tyana accepted the restitution of the Semiarian bishops, and
so far peace had been promoted. Epp.
ccxliv. and cclxiii. To this
period may very probably be referred the compilation of the Liturgy
which formed the basis of that which bears Basil’s
name. Greg.
Naz., Or. xliii. The claims
of theology and of ecclesiastical administration in
Basil’s time did not, however, prevent him
from devoting much of his vast energy to works of charity.
Probably the great hospital for the housing and relief of
travellers and the poor, which he established in the suburbs of
Cæsarea, was planned, if not begun, in the latter years of
his presbyterate, for its size and importance were made pretexts
for denouncing him to Elias, the governor of Cappadocia, in
372, Ep.
xciv. and at the same
period Valens contributed to its endowment. It was so
extensive as to go by the name of Newtown, ἡκαινὴ
πόλις. Greg. Naz.,
Or. xliii. cf. Sir Thomas More’s
Utopia, Bk. II. Chap. V.
and was in later years known as the
“Basileiad.” Soz. vi.
34. It was the
mother of other similar institutions in the country-districts of
the province, each under a Chorepiscopus. Epp.
cxlii., cxliii. But whether the
Ptochotrophium πτωχοτροφεῖον, Ep. clxxvi. Professor Ramsay, in The Church and the
Roman Empire, p. 464, remarks that “the ‘New
City’ of Basil seems to have caused the gradual concentration of
the entire population of Cæsarea round the ecclesiastical centre,
and the abandonment of the old city. Modern Kaisari is situated
between one and two miles from the site of the Græco-Roman
city.” was or was not
actually begun before Basil’s episcopate, great demands were
made on his sympathy and energy by the great drought and
consequent famine which befell Cæsarea in 368. For the
date, cf. Maran, Vit. Bas. ix. §
5. He describes it with eloquence in
his Homily On the Famine and Drought. § 2,
p. 63. cf. Greg. Naz., Or. xliii. 340–342,
and Greg. Nyss., In Eun. i. 306. The distress was cruel and
widespread. The distance of Cæsarea from the coast
increased the difficulty of supplying provisions.
Speculators, scratching, as it were, in their country’s
wounds, hoarded grain in the hope of selling at famine
prices. These Basil moved to open their stores. He
distributed lavishly at his own expense, Greg.
Nyss., In Eunom. i. § 10 (in this series, p. 45),
remarks of Basil: τὴν
πατρῷαν
οὐσίαν καὶ
πρὸ τῆς
ἱερωσύνης
ἀφειδῶς
ἀναλώσας
τοῖς πένησι
καὶ μάλιστα
ἐν τῷ τῆς
σιτοδείας
καιρῷ, καθ᾽
ὃν
ἐπεστάτει
τῆς
ἐκκλησίας,
ἔτι ἐν τῷ
κλήρῳ τῶν
πρεσβυτέρων
ἱερατεύων
καὶ μετὰ
ταῦτα, μηδὲ
τῶν
ὑπολειφθέντων
φεισάμενος. Maran (Vit. Bas. xi. § 4), with the object of
proving that Basil had completely abandoned all property whatsoever,
says that this must refer to a legacy from his mother. The terms
used are far more consistent with the view already expressed (§
III.). So in his Orat. in Bas. Gregory speaks of Basil at
the time as “selling his own possessions, and buying provisions
with the proceeds.”
and ministered in person to the wants of the sufferers.
Gregory of Nazianzus Or.
xliii. gives us a
picture of his illustrious friend standing in the midst of a great
crowd of men and women and children, some scarcely able to
breathe; of servants bringing in piles of such food as is best
suited to the weak state of the famishing sufferers; of Basil with
his own hands distributing nourishment, and with his own voice
cheering and encouraging the sufferers.