But such a religion could not satisfy ardent and logical
minds, like those of St. Hilary and his two great successors, St.
Ambrose and St. Augustine. To such men it was a necessity of
their faith that they should know, and know in its right proportions,
the truth so far as it had been revealed, and trace the appointed
limits which human knowledge might not overpass. For their own
assurance and for effective warfare against heresy a reasoned system of
theology was necessary. Hilary, the earliest, had the greatest
difficulty. To aid him in the interpretation of Scripture he had
only one writer in his own tongue, Tertullian, whose teaching, in the
matters which interested Hilary, though orthodox, was behind the
times. His strong insistence upon the subordination of the Son to
the Father, due to the same danger which still, in the fourth century,
seemed in the East the most formidable, was not in harmony with the
prevalent thought of the West. Thus Hilary, in his search for
reasons for the Faith, was practically isolated; there was little at
home which could help him to construct his system. To an
intellect so self-reliant as his this may have been no great
trial. Scrupulous though he was in confining his speculations
within the bounds of inherited and acknowledged truth, yet in matters
still undecided he exercised a singularly free judgment, now advancing
beyond, now lingering behind, the usual belief of his
contemporaries. In following out his thoughts, loyally yet
independently, he was conscious that he was breaking what was new
ground to his older fellow-Christians, almost as much as to himself,
the convert from
Paganism. And that he was aware of the novelty is evident from
the sparing use which he makes of that stock argument of the old
controversialists, the newness of heresy. He uses it, e.g., in
Trin. ii. 4, and uses it with effect; but it is far less
prominent in him than in others.