Here appears to
be a reference to Arist., De Gen. Ann. ii. 3, 11,
πάσης
μὲν ουν
ψυχῆς
δύναμις
ἑτέρον
σώματος ἐ&
231·ικε
κεκοινωνηκέναι
καὶ
θειοτέρου
τῶν
καλουμένων
στοιχείων·
ὡς δὲ
διαφέρουσι
τιμιότητι
αἱ ψυχαὶ καὶ
ἀτιμί& 139·
ἀλλήλων
οὕτω καὶ ἡ
τοιαύτη
διαφέρει
φύσις, and again, πνεῦμα…ἀνάλογον
οὖσα τῷ τῶν
ἄστρων
στοιχεί&
251·. On the fifth element of Aristotle
cf. Cic., Tusc. Disp. i. 10.
Aristoteles…cum quatuor illa genera principiorum erat
complexus, equibus omnia orirentur, quintam quandam naturam censet
esse, equa sit mens. Aug., De Civ. Dei xxii. 11.
2, and Cudworth’s Int. Syst. (Harrison’s
Ed. 1845) iii. p. 465. Hence the word
“quintessence,” for which the Dictionaries quote
Howard’s Translation of Plutarch, “Aristoteles
hath put…for elements foure; and for a fifth quintessence,
the heavenly body which is immutable.” Skeat s. v.
points out that “the idea is older than Aristotle:
cf. the five Skt. bhútas, or
elements, which were earth, air, fire, and water, and
æther. Thus the fifth essence is æther, the
subtlest and highest.” It is evident that Milton had
these theories in mind when he wrote (Par. Lost, iii.
716):
“Swift to their several quarters hasted then
The cumbrous elements, earth, flood, air, fire;
And this ethereal quintessence of heaven
Flew upward, spirited with various forms,
That rolled orbicular, and turned to
stars
Numberless.”