The Epistle of Jeremy,
which now appears in the Apocrypha as the last chapter of Baruch.
On the number and arrangement of the Books of the Old and New
Testaments the student should consult an interesting Essay by Professor
Sanday (Studia Biblica, vol. iii.), who traces the
introduction of a fixed order to the time when papyrus rolls
were superseded by codices, in which the sheets of skin were
folded and bound together, as in printed books. This change had
commenced before the Diocletian persecution, a.d. 303, when among the sacred books taken from the
Christians codices were much more numerous than
rolls. On the contents of the Jewish Canon, see Dictionary
of the Bible, “Canon.” B.F.W. “Josephus
enumerates 20 books ‘which are justly believed to be
divine.’” One of the earliest attempts by a Christian
to ascertain correctly the number and order of the Books of the O.T.
was made by Melito, Bishop of Sardis, who travelled for this purpose to
Palestine, in the latter part of the 2nd Century. His list is as
follows:—“Of Moses five (books); Genesis, Exodus, Numbers,
Leviticus, Deuteronomy, Jesus son of Nave, Judges, Ruth, four Books of
Kings, two of Chronicles, Psalms of David, Solomon’s Proverbs,
which is also called Wisdom, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, Job,
Prophets, Isaiah, Jeremiah, the Twelve in one Book, Daniel, Ezekiel,
Esdras.” (Eusebius, H.E. III. cap. 10, note I, in
this series.) Cyril’s List agrees with that of Athanasius
(Festal Epistle, 373 a.d.), except that
Job is placed by Ath. after Canticles instead of before
Psalms.