Canon XX.
That from henceforth, no double monastery shall be
erected; and concerning the double monasteries already in
existence.
We
decree that from henceforth,
no double monastery shall be erected; because this has become an
offence and cause of complaint to many. In the case of those
persons who with the members of their family propose to leave the world
and follow the monastic life, let the men go into a monastery for men,
and the women into a monastery for women; for this is well-pleasing to
God. The double monasteries which are already in existence, shall
observe the rule of our holy Father Basil, and shall be ordered by his
precepts, monks and nuns shall not dwell together in the same
monastery, for in thus living together adultery finds its
occasion. No monk shall have access to a nunnery; nor shall a nun
be permitted to enter a monastery for the sake of conversing with
anyone therein. No monk shall sleep in a monastery for women, nor
eat alone with a nun.
544
When food is
brought by men to the canonesses, let the abbess accompanied by some
one of the aged nuns, receive it outside the gates of the women’s
monastery. When a monk desires to see one of his kinswomen, who
may be in the nunnery, let him converse with her in the presence of the
abbess, and that in a very few words, and then let him speedily take
his departure.
Notes.
Ancient Epitome of Canon XX.
Monasteries shall not be double, neither shall monks and
nuns live in the same building, nor shall they talk together
apart. Moreover if a man takes anything to a canoness, let him
wait without and hand it to her, and let him see his relative in the
presence of her superior.
Van Espen.
It is evident, as Zonaras remarks, that the double
monasteries here referred to are not those in which men and women live
together, in one house, which in this canon is not tolerated at all,
but those which were situated so close together that it was evident
there could easily be an entrance from one to the other, these are
allowed under certain cautions by this canon.
But not only the Greeks but the Latins also often
disapproved of such monasteries. See decree in Gratian, Pars.
II., Causa XVIII., Q. II., canon xxviij., and Pope Paschal’s
letter (
Epis
. X) to Didacus, Abp. of Compostella.
Despite all this St. Bridget of Sweden again instituted
double monasteries in the
XV
th
century, concerning which Thomas Walsingham, a monk of St.
Alban’s Abbey, in England, writes that in 1414, King Henry
founded three monasteries, of which the third
was a Brigittine, professing the rule of St.
Augustine, with the additions called by them the Rule of the
Saviour. “These two convents had one church in common, the
nuns lived in the upper part under the roof, the brothers on the
ground-floor, and each convent had a separate inclosure; and after
profession no one went forth, except by special licence of the Lord
Pope.”
With regard to the chaplains of nuns, provision is found
in Justinian’s Code. (Lib. xliv.,
De Epis. et
clericis
. )
This canon is found in the
Corpus Juris Canonici
,
Gratian’s
Decretum
, Pars. II., Causa XVIII., Q. II., canon
xxj.
544
Bev. Neither
shall a nun eat alone.