Why has the elephant a trunk?  This enormous creature, the greatest of terrestrial animals, created for the terror of those who meet it, is naturally huge and fleshy.  If its neck was large and in proportion to its feet it would be difficult to direct, and would be of such an excessive weight that it would make it lean towards the earth.  As it is, its head is attached to the spine of the back by short vertebrae and it has its trunk to take the place of a neck, and with it it picks up its food and draws up its drink.  Its feet, without joints, See Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, iii. 1. like united columns, support the weight of its body.  If it were supported on lax and flexible legs, its joints would constantly give way, equally incapable of supporting its weight, should it wish either to kneel or rise.  But it has under the foot a little ankle joint which takes the place of the leg and knee joints whose mobility would never have resisted this enormous and swaying mass.  Thus it had need of this nose which nearly touches its feet.  Have you seen them in war marching at the head of the phalanx, like living towers, or breaking the enemies’ battalions like mountains of flesh with their irresistible charge?  If their lower parts were not in accordance with their size they would never have been able to hold their own.  Now we are told that the elephant lives three hundred years and more, Arist. H.A. viii. 12 and ix. 72.  Pliny vii. 10. another reason for him to have solid and unjointed feet.  But, as we have said, his trunk, which has the form and the flexibility of a serpent, takes its food from the earth and raises it up.  Thus we are right in saying that it is impossible to find anything superfluous or wanting in creation.  Well!  God has subdued this monstrous animal to us to such a point that he understands the lessons and endures the blows we give him; a manifest proof that the Creator has submitted all to our rule, because we have been made in His image.  It is not in great animals only that we see unapproachable wisdom; no less wonders are seen in the smallest.  The high tops of the mountains which, near to the clouds and continually beaten by the winds, keep up a perpetual winter, do not arouse more admiration in me than the hollow valleys, which escape the storms of lofty peaks and preserve a constant mild temperature.  In the same way in the constitution of animals I am not more astonished at the size of the elephant, than at the mouse, who is feared by the elephant, or at the scorpion’s delicate sting, which has been hollowed like a pipe by the supreme artificer to throw venom into the wounds it makes.  And let nobody accuse the Creator of having produced venomous animals, destroyers and enemies of our life.  Else let them consider it a crime in the schoolmaster when he disciplines the restlessness of youth by the use of the rod and whip to maintain order. cf. Hom. v. 4.