Ambrosiaster : What is meant when Paul speaks of "length and breadth and depth and height?" Think of a sphere. The length is the same as the breadth and the height the same as the depth. So too all is proportional within the immeasurable infinity of God. A sphere is enclosed in a definite manner. God, being unenclosed, not only fills all things but exceeds all things. God is not confined but has everything within himself, so that he is the only one to be reckoned infinite. We cannot sufficiently thank him for the fact that, being so great, he deigned through Christ to visit human beings when they were subject to death and sin. — EPISTLE TO THE Ephesians 3.18.2 Gaius Marius Victorinus : Since he has taught that three things tend toward maturity in Christ—faith, understanding and love—he here brings them all into a brief compass. He is now praying that God will bestow all these gifts upon the Ephesians. Note the sequence he has followed: He spoke first of faith, "that you may have Christ dwelling in the inner man in your hearts through faith." Now he speaks of understanding by saying "so that you may comprehend with all the saints the breadth, length and depth." Again he adds with regard to love, "to know the love that surpasses knowledge." — EPISTLE TO THE Ephesians 1.3.18-19 Gaius Marius Victorinus : God is through all and in all, and is all things and the source of all, through whom all things come and over all. In this aspect the task of understanding is to note and know what "the breadth, the length, the height and the depth" of divine grace. How all these exist together or may be understood to exist in God and according to these aspects requires another, higher comprehension.… Hence he prays finally that the Ephesians may understand them all together. And so that they will not despair through their inability to comprehend them together, he adds: "so that you may be able to comprehend with all the saints." Therefore the saints comprehend these things together and can expound them. — EPISTLE TO THE Ephesians 1.3.18-19 Gregory of Elvira : The height is the measure of the majesty of the Lord.… The length is the passion of the Lord's cross, by which believers are sealed. The breadth is seen in Pentecost, when the Holy Spirit is coming down upon all believers. — ON THE ARK OF NOAH 32 Gregory of Nyssa : The great Paul, who was instructed by those ineffable words which he heard, having been initiated in the mysteries within the paradise, clarifies this mystery for us, as he hinted in part through his words to the Ephesians, saying: "That you may have strength to comprehend with all the saints what is the breadth and length and height and depth, and to know the love of Christ that surpasses knowledge, that you may be filled with all the fullness of God." Therefore, the divine eye of the Apostle did not perceive the form of the cross in vain, but clearly showed through it that, having cast off all the scales of ignorance from the eyes, one sees purely the truth of beings; for he saw that this form, divided into four extensions from the central union, signifies the power and providence that was made manifest in it, which pervades all. For this reason, he uniquely names each extension with specific terms, calling the downward extension from the center "depth" and the upward extension "height," while the extensions stretching out laterally from the union on either side he calls "breadth" and "length," as if to say that on one side of the center is breadth and on the other is length. By these terms, it seems to me, he clearly indicates in his discourse that there is nothing in existence that is not utterly sustained by the divine nature, the heavenly, the earthly, and everything stretching out to the ends of existence from every lateral direction; for through the height, it signifies what is above, through the depth, what is below, and with the length and breadth, the extremities in between, held by the power that controls everything. — ON THE THREE DAYS Jerome : Let us think first about physical "breadth and length, depth and height" in order that we may be able to pass through these physical dimensions to their spiritual dimensions. For the sake of argument, let the physical length be that of heaven and earth, that is, of the whole world, from east to west. Let the breadth be from south to north. Let the depth be from the abyss and the infernal regions. Let the height be to all that is elevated above the heavens. But they say that the earth is round and rotates as a sphere. Roundness has no breadth and length, height and depth, but is proportional in all dimensions. Hence we are necessarily forced to understand spiritually by height the angels and forces above and by depth those powers below and what is beneath them. By length and breadth we speak spiritually of that which occupies the middle place between those above and those below. The consequence is that one draws near as a neighbor either to those things above or to those below. Whatever begins to advance one's path toward better things so as to rise to the heavenly height, that is what Paul is calling length. Whatever brings one to the lower things as one lapses toward vice he is calling breadth. — Commentary on Ephesians 3:16 John Chrysostom : "To the end that ye being rooted and grounded in love, may be strong to apprehend with all the saints, what is the breadth, and length, and height, and depth," Thus is his prayer now again, the very same as when he began. For what were his words in the beginning? "That the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory may give unto you a Spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of Him; having the eyes of your heart enlightened, that ye may know what is the hope of His calling, what the riches of the glory of His inheritance in the saints; and what the exceeding greatness of His power to us-ward who believe." And now again he says the same. "That ye may be strong to apprehend with all the saints what is the breadth, and length, and height, and depth;" i.e., to know perfectly the mystery which hath been providentially ordered in our behalf: "and the breadth, and length, and height, and depth;" that is, too, the immensity of the love of God, and how it extends every where. And he outlines it by the visible dimensions of solid bodies, pointing as it were to a man. He comprehends the upper and under and sides. I have thus spoken indeed, he would say, yet is it not for any words of mine to teach you these things; that must be the work of the Holy Spirit. "By His might," saith he, is it that ye must be "strengthened" against the trials that await you, and in order to remain unshaken; so that there is no other way to be strengthened but by the Holy Ghost, both on account of trials and carnal reasonings. Again, if in order to understand the love of God, it was necessary for Paul to pray, and there was need of the indwelling of the Holy Spirit, who by following mere reasonings shall understand the nature of Christ? And why is it a difficult thing to learn that God loveth us? Beloved, it is extremely difficult. For some know not even this; wherefore, they even say, numberless evils come to be in the world; and others know not the extent of this love. Nor, indeed, is Paul seeking to know its extent, nor with any view to measure it; for how could he? but only to understand this, that it is transcendent, and great. And this very thing, he says, he is able to show, even from the knowledge which hath been vouchsafed to us. — Homily on Ephesians 7