II. BIOGRAPHIES . Possidius (Calamensis episcopus, a pupil and friend of Aug.): Vita Augustini (brief, but authentic, written 432, two years after his death, in tom. x. Append. 257-280, ed. Bened., and in nearly all other editions). Benedictini Editores : Vita Augustini ex ejus potissimum scriptis concinnata , in 8 books (very elaborate and extensive), in tom. xi. 1-492, ed. Bened. (in Migne’s reprint, tom. i. col. 66-578). The biographies of Aug. by Tillemont ( Mém. tom. xiii.); Ellies Dupin (in “Nouvelle bibliothèque des auteurs ecclésiastiques,” tom. ii. and iii.); P. Bayle (in his “Dictionnaire historique et critique,” art. Augustin); Remi Ceillier (in “Histoire générale des auteurs sacrés et ecclés.,” vol. xi. and xii.); Cave (in “Lives of the Fathers,” vol. ii.); Kloth ( Der heil Aug ., Aachen, 1840, 2 vols.); Böhringer ( Kirchengeschichte in Biographien , vol. i. P. iii. p. 99 sqq., revised ed. Leipzig, 1877-’78, 2 parts); Poujoulat ( Histoire de S. Aug . Par. 1843 and 1852, 2 vols.; the same in German by Fr. Hurter , Schaff h. 1847, 2 vols.); Eisenbarth (Stuttg. 1853); C. Bindemann ( Der heil. Aug . Berlin, 1844, ‘55, ‘69, 3 vols., the best work in German); Edw. L. Cutts ( St. Augustin , London, 1880); E. de Pressensé (in Smith and Wace, “Dictionary of Christ. Biogr.” I. 216-225); Ph. Schaff ( St. Augustin , Berlin, 1854; English ed. New York and London, 1854, revised and enlarged in St. Augustin, Melanchthon and Neander; three biographies , New York and London, 1886, pp. 1-106). On Monnica see Braune : Monnica and Augustin . Grimma, 1846.