22. Let us now
investigate what are our common conceptions concerning the Spirit, as
well those which have been gathered by us from Holy Scripture
concerning It as those which we have received from the unwritten
tradition of the Fathers. First of all we ask, who on hearing the
titles of the Spirit is not lifted up in soul, who does not raise his
conception to the supreme nature? It is called “Spirit of
God,” Matt. xii. 28, etc. “Spirit of
truth which proceedeth from the Father,” John xv. 26. “right Spirit,” Ps. li. 10. “a leading Spirit.” Ps. li. 12, lxx. R.V. and A.V.,
“free spirit.” Its It will be
remembered that in the Nicene Creed “the Lord and Giver of
life” is τὸ
κύριον τὸ
ζωοποιόν In A.V. we have both he
(John xv.
26, ἐκεῖνος) and
it (Rom.
viii. 16, αὐτὸ τὸ
πνεῦμα).
proper and peculiar title is “Holy Spirit;” which is a
name specially appropriate to everything that is incorporeal, purely
immaterial, and indivisible. So our Lord, when teaching the
woman who thought God to be an object of local worship that the
incorporeal is incomprehensible, said “God is a
spirit.” John iv. 24. On our
hearing, then, of a spirit, it is impossible to form the idea of a
nature circumscribed, subject to change and variation, or at all
like the creature. We are compelled to advance in our
conceptions to the highest, and to think of an intelligent essence,
in power infinite, in magnitude unlimited, unmeasured by times or
ages, generous of Its good gifts, to whom turn all things needing
sanctification, after whom reach all things that live in virtue, as
being watered by Its inspiration and helped on toward their natural
and proper end; perfecting all other things, but Itself in nothing
lacking; living not as needing restoration, but as Supplier of life;
not growing by additions; but straightway full, self-established,
omnipresent, origin of sanctification, light perceptible to the
mind, supplying, as it were, through Itself, illumination to every
faculty in the search for truth; by nature unapproachable,
apprehended by reason of goodness, filling all things with Its
power, cf.
Wisdom i. 7. but communicated
only to the worthy; not shared in one measure, but distributing Its
energy according to “the proportion of faith;” Rom. xii. 6. in essence simple, in powers various,
wholly present in each and being wholly everywhere; impassively
divided, shared without loss of ceasing to be entire, after the
likeness of the sunbeam, whose kindly light falls on him who enjoys
it as though it shone for him alone, yet illumines land and sea and
mingles with the air. So, too, is the Spirit to every one who
receives it, as though given to him alone, and yet It sends forth
grace sufficient and full for all mankind, and is enjoyed by all who
share It, according to the capacity, not of Its power, but of their
nature.