ἐν
τοῦς
γενητοῖς, as
in the Bodleian ms. The Benedictine
text adopts the common reading γεννητοις,
with the note, “Sed discrimen illud parvi
momenti.” If St. Basil wrote γεννητοῖς,
he used it in the looser sense of mortal: in its strict
sense of “begotten” it would be singularly out of
place here, as the antithesis of the reference to the Son, who is
γεννητός,
would be spoilt. In the terminology of theology, so far
from being “parvi momenti,” the distinction is
vital. In the earlier Greek philosophy ἀγένητος and
ἀγέννητος
are both used as nearly synonymous to express unoriginate
eternal. cf. Plat., Phæd. 245 D.,
ἀρχὴ δὲ
ἀγένητόν,
with Plat., Tim. 52 A., Τουτων δὲ
οὕτως
ἐχόντων
ὁμολογητέον
ἓν μὲν εἶναι
τὸ κατὰ
ταὐτὰ εἶδος
ἔχον
ἀγέννητον
καὶ
ἀνώλεθρον.
And the earliest patristic use similarly meant by γεννητός
and ἀγέννητος
created and uncreated, as in Ign., Ad Eph. vii., where our
Lord is called γεννητὸς
καὶ
ἀγέννητος,
ἐν ἀνθρ ?πω
Θεὸς, ἐν
θανάτῳ ζωὴ
ἀληθινή.
cf. Bp. Lightfoot’s note. But “such
language is not in accordance with later theological definitions,
which carefully distinguished between γενητός
and γεννητός,
between ἀγένητος
and ἀγέννητος;
so that γενητός,
ἀγένητος,
respectively denied and affirmed the eternal existence, being
equivalent to κτιστός,
ἄκτιστος, while
γεννητός,
ἀγέννητος
described certain ontological relations, whether in time or in
eternity. In the later theological language, therefore, the
Son was γεννητός
even in His Godhead. See esp. Joann. Damasc., De Fid.
Orth. i. 8 (I. p. 135, Lequin), χρὴ γὰρ
εἰδέναι ὅτι
τὸ ἀγένητον,
διὰ τοῦ
ἑνὸς ν
γραφόμενον,
τὸ ἄκτιστον
ἢ τὸ μὴ
γενόμενον
σημαίνει, τὸ
δὲ
ἀγέννητον,
διὰ τῶν δύο
νν
γραφόμενον,
δηλοῖ τὸ μὴ
γεννηθέν; whence
he draws the conclusion that μόνος ὁ
πατὴρ
ἀγέννητος
and μόνος
ὁ υἱ& 232·ς
γεννητός.”
Bp. Lightfoot, Ap. Fathers, Pt. II. Vol. II. p. 90, where
the history of the worlds is exhaustively discussed. At the
time of the Arian controversy the Catholic disputants were chary
of employing these terms, because of the base uses to which their
opponents put them; so St. Basil, Contra Eunom. iv.
protests against the Arian argument εἰ
ἀγέννητος ὁ
πατὴρ
γεννητὸς δὲ
ὁ υἱ& 232·ς, οὐ
τῆς αὐτῆς
οὐσιας.
cf. Ath., De Syn. in this
series, p. 475, and De Decretis, on Newman’s confusion of
the terms, p. 149 and 169.