But let us pass on. If, at every instant of
duration, the stars vary their figures, then in these thousand changes,
many times a day, there ought to be reproduced the configuration of
royal births. Why then does not every day see the birth of a
king? Why is there a succession on the throne from father to
son? Without doubt there has never been a king who has taken
measures to have his son born under the star of royalty. For what
man possesses such a power? How then did Uzziah beget Jotham,
Jotham Ahaz, Ahaz Hezekiah? And by what chance did the birth of
none of them happen in an hour of slavery? If the origin of our
virtues and of our vices is not in ourselves, but is the fatal
consequence of our birth, it is useless for legislators to prescribe
for us what we ought to do, and what we ought to avoid; it is useless
for judges to honour virtue and to punish vice. The guilt is not
in the robber, not in the assassin: it was willed for him; it was
impossible for him to hold back his hand, urged to evil by inevitable
necessity. Those who laboriously cultivate the arts are the
maddest of men. The labourer will make an abundant harvest
without sowing seed and without sharpening his sickle. Whether he
wishes it or not, the merchant will make his fortune, and will be
flooded with riches by fate. As for us Christians, we shall see
our great hopes vanish, since from the moment that man does not act
with freedom, there is neither reward for justice, nor punishment for
sin. Under the reign of necessity and of fatality there is no
place for merit, the first condition of all righteous judgment.
But let us stop. You who are sound in yourselves have no need to
hear more, and time does not allow us to make attacks without limit
against these unhappy men.