3. Up to this point, the order in which
plants shoot bears witness to their first arrangement. Every
herb, every plant proceeds from a germ. If, like the couch-grass
and the crocus, it throws out a shoot from its root and from this lower
protuberance, it must always germinate and start outwards. If it
proceeds from a seed, there is still, by necessity, first a germ, then
the sprout, then green foliage, and finally the fruit which ripens upon
a stalk hitherto dry and thick. “Let the earth bring forth
grass.” When the seed falls into the earth, which contains
the right combination of heat and moisture, it swells and becomes
porous, and, grasping the surrounding earth, attracts to itself all
that is suitable for it and that has affinity to it. These
particles of earth, however small they may be, as they fall and
insinuate themselves into all the pores of the seed, broaden its bulk
and make it send forth roots below, and shoot upwards, sending forth
stalks no less numerous than the roots. As the germ is always
growing warm, the moisture, pumped up through the roots, and helped by
the attraction of heat, draws a proper amount of nourishment from the
soil, and distributes it to the stem, to the bark, to the husk, to the
seed itself and to the beards with which it is armed. It is owing
to these successive accretions that each plant attains its natural
development, as well corn as vegetables, herbs or brushwood. A
single plant, a blade of grass is sufficient to occupy all your
intelligence in the contemplation of the skill which produced
it. “To me
the meanest flower that blows can give
Thoughts that do often lie too deep for
tears.”
Wordsworth, Ode on
Immortality. Why is
the wheat stalk better with joints? Literally,
knee—Latin geniculum. cf.
Xen., Anab. iv. 5, 26, and Theoph. viii. 2, 4.
“Knee-jointed” is a recognised English term for certain
grasses. Are they not like fastenings,
which help it to bear easily the weight of the ear, when it is
swollen with fruit and bends towards the earth? Thus, whilst
oats, which have no weight to bear at the top, are without these
supports, nature has provided them for wheat. It has hidden
the grain in a case, so that it may not be exposed to birds’
pillage, and has furnished it with a rampart of barbs, which, like
darts, protect it against the attacks of tiny
creatures.