In the first
Book of his Contra Arianos Athanasius refers to Christ’s
word in St. John xiv.
28. He remarks that He
does not say “the Father is better (κρείσσων)
than I,” lest it should be inferred that the Son is not equal to
the Father in Divine nature, but of another nature; but “the
Father is greater (μείζων) than I,” that
is to say, not in dignity or age, but as being begotten of the
Father. And further, that by the word “greater” He
indicates the peculiar property of the substance (τῆς οὐσίας τὴν
ἰδιότητα).
This declaration of our Lord’s was understood in the same way by
Basil, Gregory Nazianzenus, Cyril and others of the Greek Fathers, and
by Hilary among the Latin Fathers. In the ixth and xth Books of
his De Trinitate Hilary refers to this, and says that the Father
is called ‘greater’ propter auctoritatem, meaning by
auctoritas not power, but what the Greeks understand
by αἰτιότης,
causation, principle or authorship of being. So also
Soebadius says that the Father is rightly called
‘greater,’ because He alone is without an author of
His being. But Latin theologians usually spoke of the Father as
‘greater,’ not because He is Father, but
because the Son was made Man. To this effect also Athanasius
expresses himself in his De hum. carne suscepta, while Gregory
Nazianzenus speaks otherwise in his Orat. 36.