Testimonia

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Romans 5:12 : "Therefore, as through one man sin entered into the world, and death through sin; and so death passed unto all men, for that all sinned. Though Eve first ate of the forbidden fruit, Adam's eating it completed the transgression and made it unanimous. Paul follows the usual custom of speaking of the man instead of the woman. He indulges in no reasoning as to why they sinned he merely states the fact that they did sin. He speaks of it merely to draw a contrast between the effects of what Adam did and the effects of what Christ did; and he did this to show how the gospel of Christ more than overcomes the effects of Adam's sin. Christianity is not concerned with the origin of sin so much as with the fact of sin. The gospel did not bring sin into the world, but it was brought into the world as the panacea for sin and all its ills. Death resulted from sin. But what death is here meant? It is true that physical death came as a result of sin, but so also does spiritual death. The context and the nature of Paul's argument must determine which death is here meant. In this Roman letter Paul frequently uses the word death, without saying which death he means, leaving the reader to determine from the context which death he means. The context favors the idea that death in Romans 5:12 is spiritual death. The moral and spiritual condition of man and the gospel plan of justification had been the matter under discussion. Besides, the death here mentioned passed upon all men on account of their own sins. Physical death came upon all on account of Adam's sin, but the death here mentioned came only upon those who sinned. Facts are against the idea that all men suffer physical death on account of their own sins; but spiritual death does come in that way, and in no other way. The condition of infants and idiots is not taken into consideration in the discussion of sin and spiritual death. They die a physical death, even though they have not sinned. It is generally agreed that verses 13-17 (Romans 5:13-17) are parenthetical, and that the thought started in Romans 5:12 is resumed in Romans 5:18. Such parentheses are frequent in Paul's writing.

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