nocency; so will I compass Thine altar, O Lord219.”  In some Churches, perhaps also at Jer- usalem, the words were actually chanted during the ablution220. “Then the Deacon cries aloud, Receive ye one another:  and let us salute (ἀσπαζώμεθα ) one another.”  In the Clementine Liturgy221 the “Kiss of Peace” precedes the “Ablution.” xxxv Sometimes these two sentences are combined:  “Salute ye one another with the holy kiss222.”  In the Liturgy of S. James there are two separate rubrics, one immediately after the dismissal of the Catechumens, “Take knowledge one of another,” and a second after the Creed, “Let us embrace (ἀγαπήσωμεν) one another with a holy kiss.” “After this the Priest (ἱερεύς) cries aloud, Lift up your hearts.  Then ye answer, We lift them up unto the Lord223.” The meaning of this Preface, as explained by Cyril, is an exhortation by the Priest, or Bishop when present, and a promise by the people, to raise all their thoughts to God on high, in preparation for the great Thanksgiving to which they were further invited:  “Let us give thanks unto the Lord,”—“It is meet and right224.” Then follows a very brief summary of the Eucharistic Preface, and after that the Trisagion225, corresponding in part to the long Thanksgiving in the Apostolic Constitutions for all God’s mercies in creation, providence, and redemption226. It is important to observe how S. Cyril in this and the following sections associates the people with the Priest, using throughout the Plural “We.”  That this is intentional and signi- ficant, we may learn from a passage of S. Chrysostom227 which is so interesting that we may be allowed to translate it at length:  “Sometimes moreover no difference is made between the Priest and those over whom he presides, as for example when we are to partake of the awful mysteries; for we are all alike deemed worthy of the same privileges:  not as in the Old Covenant some parts were eaten by the Priest, and others by the governed (ὁ ἀρχόμενος), and it was not lawful for the people to share in what the Priest partook of.  It is not so now:  but one Body is set before all, and one Cup.  And in the prayers also one may see the laity contributing much.  For the prayers on behalf of the Energumens, and on behalf of those in Penitence are offered in common both by the Priest and by themselves; and all say one 219 Mystag. v. § 2. 220 Dict. Chr. Ant. “Lavabo.” 221 Apost. Const. viii. c. 11. 222 Apost. Const. viii. c. 11.  Compare Justin M. Apolog. I. c. 65. 223 Mystag. v. § 4. 224 § 5. 225 § 6. 226 Apost. Const. viii. c. 12.  See the Eucharistic Preface of the Liturgy of S. James in note 4 on Mystag. v. § 6. 227 In Epist. II. ad Cor. Homil. xviii. § 3. 45 Eucharistic Rites.  Liturgy.