was strengthened: i.e. after the events recorded in 1Chr 28and 1Chr 29; 1 Kings 1and 1Kings 2. the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4. Solomon spake. Thus beginning his reign as David had ended his (1 Chronicles 28:1) by a solemn assembly. captains = princes. chief = heads. congregation = convocation, or muster. went. For the reason, see 1 Kings 3:4. Gibeon = a high place. tabernacle = tent. Hebrew ’ohel. App-40. congregation = assembly. Moses the servant of the LORD. See note on Deuteronomy 34:5. But = But indeed. the ark. See note on 1 Chronicles 13:3. Exodus 25:22. brought up. Compare 2 Samuel 6:2, 2 Samuel 6:17. 1 Chronicles 15:1. the brasen altar. This is additional and supplementary to the account in 1Ki 3. he put. So some codices, with two early printed editions; but many codices, with four early printed editions, Septuagint, and Vulgate, read "was there. the. Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate read "all the". before. A special various reading called Sevir (App-34) reads "which [was] before". congregation = assembly. offered = offered up. Hebrew. alah. App-43. In that night. Compare 1 Kings 3:5-15. mercy = lovingkindness, or grace. unto = with. like the dust. Figures of speech Paroemia and Hyperbole. App-6. knowledge. Hebrew. madda’. A rare word = inner consciousness. Occurs only here, verses: 2 Chronicles 1:11-12, Ecclesiastes 10:20 ("thought"). Daniel 1:4 ("science"). Daniel 1:17 = knowledge (gained by experience, Genesis 2:9); while "wisdom" = knowledge (gained by study). go out . . . come in. Figure of speech Synecdoche (of Species), App-6, put for manner of life in general. who can judge . . . ? Figure of speech Erotesis. People, that is so great? or, this Thy great People? this was in thine heart. Supplementary to the account in Kings. the life = the soul. Hebrew. nephesh. App-13. long life = many days. came from his journey to. Septuagint and Vulgate read "came from". as stones . . . as the sycomore trees. Figure of speech Hyperbole. horses. Compare Deuteronomy 17:16. linen yarn = in droves. See note on 1 Kings 10:28, 1 Kings 10:29. price = tariff. by their means. Compare 1 Kings 10:26-29. the name of. Figure of speech Pleonasm. See note on Psalms 20:1. an house for his kingdom. This is described in 1Ki 7, which is complementary to 2 Chronicles 8:1. And Solomon, &c. The 11th Seder ends here. See note on p. 366. men. Hebrew. ’ish. App-14. three thousand and six hundred. Compare 1 Kings 5:16. As = according as. even so deal with me. Figure of speech Ellipsis (absolute). App-6. Behold. Figure of speech Asterismos. God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4. sweet incense = incense of spices. the continual shewbread. See note on Exodus 25:30; Exodus 40:4. great. In magnificence, not in size. Not for People; but, for Jehovah’s presence with them. who is able . . . ? Figure of speech Erotesis. heaven and heaven of heavens. Figure of speech Polyptoton. App-6. cunning = clever, or skilful. See note on 1 Chronicles 22:15; 1 Chronicles 25:7, and Exodus 26:1. and. Note the Figure of speech Polysyndeton. can skill = know how. fir = cypress. algum. See note on 1 Kings 10:11. wonderful great. Hebrew "great and wonderful". Figure of speech Hendiadys (App-6) = great, yea, wonderfully great. I will give to thy servants. No discrepancy here with 1 Kings 5:11. There the allowance was for Hiram’s household at Tyre; here for Hiram’s labourers in Lebanon. beaten wheat: i.e. wheat prepared for food. baths. See App-51. heaven and earth. See note on Deuteronomy 4:26. a woman . . . of Dan. By birth. In 1 Kings 7:14, a widow . . . of Naphtali. By marriage. No discrepancy, as alleged. floats = rafts. the strangers. See note on 2 Samuel 12:31, and compare 1 Chronicles 22:2. set . . . a work = keep the people at work. the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. mount Moriah. Not mentioned since Genesis 22:2, nor ever again. Moriah. Vision of Jah. Refers here to "where Jehovah appeared". where. See note on 1 Chronicles 22:1. had prepared. Compare 1 Chronicles 22:14; 1 Chronicles 2:7. God. Hebrew. ha-’elohlm, the [true or triune] God. according to = in the front of. an hundred and twenty. Read "twenty" by a transposition of letters. the greater house: i.e. the holy of holies. cieled = covered. Walls as well as roof. fir = cypress. fine = pure. palm trees: i.e. artificial. chains = wreathen work. Only found in connection with Tabernacle and Temple. posts = thresholds. the most holy = the holy of holies. See note on Exodus 3:5. weight of the nails. These small and simple things not excluded. They held all together; and, though out of sight, are remembered and named by God. image work = carved work. This was no breach of the second commandment, for it was by the Divine Lawgiver’s own direction. inward = toward the Ark. the vail. Not mentioned in 1Ki 6. thirty and five cubits. In 1 Kings 7:15 = eighteen cubits. But there it is "apiece"; here they are reckoned together. See note on 1 Kings 7:15. chains = wreathen work. the oracle. See note on 2 Samuel 16:23. Jachin . . . Boaz. See notes on 1 Kings 7:21. in a cubit: or, to the height of a cubit (i.e. one-fifth of the brazen sea). received and held three thousand baths. 1 Kings 7:26 says 2,000; and it is alleged that "there must be a mistake in the figures". But no: 1 Kings 7:26 speaks of what it usually "contained", while here it speaks of what it could actually "receive and hold". offered = offered up. Hebrew. ’alah. App-43. candlesticks = lampstands. basons = bowls for sprinkling. court of the priests. None in Tabernacle. pommels = bowls. wreaths = network. upon = upon the face of. the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. found out = searched out. after the manner: i.e. the prescribed order. Compare 2 Chronicles 4:7 and Exodus 27:20, Exodus 27:21. the oracle. See note on 2 Samuel 16:23. perfect = of purest. Heb the perfections of. pure = purified. holy. See note on Exodus 3:5. Solomon. Some codices, with one early printed edition, read "the King Solomon". the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. things . . . dedicated = holy things. See note on Exodus 3:5. and. Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate omit this "and", all. Some codices, with Septuagint and Syriac, omit "all". among the treasures = in the treasuries. God. Hebrew. Elohim.(with Art.) = the [true] God. App-4. Then Solomon. Compare 1 Kings 8:1-11. children = sons. the ark. See notes on 1 Chronicles 13:3 and Exodus 25:22. the feast: i.e. the Feast of Tabernacles (Leviticus 23:33, &c). the Levites toot up. These were the bearers, but the priests (being Levites also) brought it into the house (as stated in 2 Chronicles 5:7 and 1 Kings 8:3). Hence, in 2 Chronicles 5:5 they are called "the priests and the Levites". See note on Deuteronomy 17:9. tabernacle = tent. Hebrew. ’ohel. App-40. holy vessels = sanctuary vessels. See note on Exodus 3:5. the priests and the Levites. See note on Deuteronomy 17:9. congregation = convocation, or muster. the priests. See note on 2 Chronicles 5:4. the oracle. See note on 2 Samuel 16:23. the most holy place = the Holy of Holies. drew out. Compare 1 Kings 8:8. unto this day. This is a copy of 1 Kings 8:6-8, or an addendum by Ezra; because it is not applicable to "the day" of the writer, as may be seen from 2 Chronicles 36:22, 2 Chronicles 36:23. But may this possibly have a mysterious reference to Revelation 11:19? nothing in the ark save. See note on 1 Kings 8:9. all. On this occasion all served; not "by course". Note the parenthesis in verses: 2 Chronicles 5:11-12. were sanctified = had sanctified themselves. Jeduthun. See note on 1 Chronicles 16:41. at the east end: i.e. facing west. For He is good, &c. Compare Ezra 3:11. mercy = lovingkindness, or grace. cloud, even the house of. Septuagint reads "cloud of the glory of". said. The first thirty-nine verses repeat 1 Kings 8:12-50, with one or two complementary items, 1 Kings 8:51-61 being omitted, and three verses added. The LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. congregation = assembly, muster, or convocation. God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4. hands. Some codices write "hand", but read "hands" (plural) neither chose I. This true of Saul. God did not choose him as He chose David; though He overruled the choice of the People. Compare 1 Samuel 8:5. it was in the heart. Compare 2 Samuel 7:2, 2 Samuel 7:3; 1 Chronicles 28:2. as = according as. children = sons. stood. And then knelt down. See 2 Chronicles 6:13. No discrepancy, as alleged. had made. This also is complementary to 1Ki 8. scaffold: or platform (round, and bowl-like, like a Pulpit). Hebrew same word as rendered laver. cubits. See App-51. mercy = lovingkindness, or grace. to sit = sitting. yet so = if only. Same condition as 2 Samuel 7:14. Conditional to Solomon, but unconditional to David, as the Land was to Abraham (Genesis 15). Therefore the throne must, and will yet be, filled by David’s son and David’s Lord. as = according as. verified. Some codices, with one early printed edition, Septuagint, and Syriac, read "I beseech Thee". men. Hebrew. ’adam (with Art. = mankind). App-14. behold. Figure of speech Asterismos. App-6. heaven . . . heaven . . . heavens. Figure of speech Polyptoton (App-6), for emphasis. how much less. Compare Acts 7:48-50. upon = toward. Sin. Hebrew. chata’. App-44. and an oath be laid upon = and he [his neighbour] lay an oath upon (Exodus 22:7-11. Leviticus 5:1. Proverbs 29:4. Hebrews 6:16). wicked = lawless. Hebrew. rasha’. App-44. justifying = acquitting. good: i.e. hast directed them into the good way (compare Genesis 46:28). enemies. Septuagint reads "enemy", as in 1 Kings 8:37. children = sons. in the land. Hebrew "upon the face of the land". Figures of speech Pleonasm and Prosopopoeia. App-6. in = toward, as in 2 Chronicles 6:20. peopled = Peoples. called by: or invoked upon. maintain: or vindicate. for there is, &c. Figure of speech Paroemia (by way of Parenthesis). wickedly = lawlessly. Hebrew. rasha’. soul. Hebrew. nephesh. App-13. arise. The following words are found in Psalms 68:1; Psalms 132:8, Psalms 132:9, by which Solomon connects his own work with David’s. saints = gracious ones. Hebrew "men of grace": i.e. those who are the subjects of Jehovah’s saving grace. goodness = prosperity, well-being, blessedness. Thine Anointed. Hebrew Messiah. the mercies of David. Genitive of Relation (App-17) = the mercies, or lovingkindnesses, shown and assured to David (Psalms 89:49). the Are came down: i.e. to consume the sacrifices. See note on Genesis 4:4. This is complementary to 1 Kings 8:63, 1 Kings 8:64. sacrifices = victims. Hebrew. zebah. App-43. children = sons. mercy = grace. offered = sacrificed. Hebrew. zebach. App-43. God. Hebrew. ha-Elohim = the [true] God. App-4. hallowed. See note on "holy "(Exodus 3:5). offered = prepared. Hebrew. ’asah. App-43. the feast: i.e. of Tabernacles. congregation = assembly, or muster. the river = torrent, or Wady. Hebrew. nahal. appeared to Solomon. This was thirteen years after the dedication. Compare 2 Chronicles 7:1 with 2 Chronicles 8:1. 1 Kings 6:37; 1 Kings 9:1. The fire from heaven was the immediate answer to Solomon’s prayer. This later answer shows that the prayers of God’s people are ever fresh before Him. which are called by My name = upon whom My name is called. as = according as. covenanted = confirmed by covenant. fail thee = be cut off from thee. nations = the peoples. an astonishment. Figure of speech Metonymy (of Cause), App-6= a cause of astonishment to others. God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4. evil. Same as "wicked", 2 Chronicles 7:14. twenty. The number of Expectancy and Waiting, 2 Chronicles 21:1. Divine completeness (21) minus one (1). (App-10). Compare Genesis 31:38, Genesis 31:41. Judges 4:3; Judges 15:20; Judges 16:31. 1 Samuel 7:2. restored = given. Evidently these had been previously given by Solomon as pledges or "security" (1 Kings 9:10-14). children = sons. built = rebuilt. Compare Joshua 16:3, Joshua 16:5; 1 Chronicles 7:22-24. gates = double doors. consumed not = destroyed not. make to pay tribute = raise a levy of bondmen. the daughter of Pharaoh. Taking it for granted that we know she was Solomon’s wife. for he said. The reason is complementary to 1 Kings 9:24. holy. See note on Exodus 3:5. the ark. See note on 1 Chronicles 13:3. Exodus 25:22. offered = offered up. Hebrew. ’alah, App-43. three times. Compare Exodus 23:14. Deuteronomy 16:16. courses. Compare 1 Chronicles 24:1. porters = gatekeepers. Compare 1 Chronicles 9:17. the man of God. See App-49. God. Heb Elohim. App-4. commandment: or commandments. treasures = treasuries. unto. Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate read "from". by the hands of. Figure of speech Pleonasm. ships. From Tyre, in the Mediterranean, to the Red Sea. To show that this was not insuperable (as some have imagined) the next clause is added. that had knowledge of the sea. This is the explanation of the possibility of such voyages being possible. And why not? Ophir. First occurrence Genesis 10:29, where Ophir, the son of Joktan, was the ancestor of several Arabian tribes. Rhodesia is probably the land indicated. About five hundred ruins are scattered over a large area. There are evidences’ of gold-smelting in the great Zimbawe buildings, where the ancient ruins resemble the ruins in Syria, temple and fortress being combined. Tharshish ships for Ezion-geber sailed thither to Fast Africa, as well as to Arabia and India. The Queen of Sheba being mentioned in close connection with Ophir (2 Chronicles 8:10), as hearing about Solomon, furnishes further evidence. Compare 1 Kings 9:28. when the queen of Sheba heard. For further notes, see the parallel passages in 1Ki 10. App-56. questions = words, or matters. wisdom. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Cause) for the effects produced by it. and. Note the Figure of speech Polysyndeton (App-6) in verses: 2 Chronicles 9:3 and 2 Chronicles 9:4, ascent: i.e. the causeway of 1 Chronicles 26:16, 1 Chronicles 26:18. the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. spirit. Hebrew. ruach. App-9. It was a true report. Hebrew The word was truth. behold. Figure of speech Asterismos. God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4. justice = righteousness. algum trees. See note on 1 Kings 10:11. terraces = stairs, or balustrades. Compare 1 Kings 10:12. she had brought. This, like other differences, is complementary. six hundred and threescore and six. App-10. chapmen. Hebrew. tur, travelers, or merchants, Eng. = cheapmen, or traffickers. targets = pointed or bossed shields. Hebrew. zinnah. shields = covering or protecting shields. Hebrew. maginnim. house of the forest of Lebanon. This is the palace of cedar in Jerusalem (1 Kings 7:2). six. See App-10. stays = supports. Hebrew = hands. pure = purified. the. No article in the Hebrew here. harness = armour. four thousand. See note on 1 Kings 4:26. reigned = was suzerain. river: i.e. Euphrates. border. Not river. Genesis 15:18 yet waits fulfillment. horses. Yet horses out of Egypt had a leading part in destroying Judah. Compare 2 Chronicles 12:3, 2 Chronicles 12:4, 2 Chronicles 12:9. Psalms 33:17. prophet. seer. Hebrew. nabi. chozeh. See note on 1 Chronicles 29:29. against Jeroboam. So that he had warning from God. slept with his fathers. See note on Deuteronomy 31:16. Solomon died at the age of sixty. Rehoboam went. Compare 1 Kings 12:1-19. all. "All" put by Figure of speech Synecdoche (of the Whole) for the greater part or representatives. Jeroboam the son of Nebat. Our acquaintance with him is assumed (1 Kings 11:26-40). after three days: i.e. the third day (Compare 2 Chronicles 10:12). advice = counsel. as = according as. made. So some codices, with six early printed editions, Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate (as 1 Kings 12:14); but the current Hebrew text reads "I will make". word, which He spake. Our acquaintance with 1 Kings 11:29-39 is taken for granted. saw. Some codices, with seven early printed editions, read this word "saw", in the text. your tents. Primitive text reads "your gods". One of the emendations of the Sopherim. See App-33, and compare 2 Samuel 20:1. tents = homes. Compare 2 Samuel 18:17; 2 Samuel 19:8; 2 Samuel 20:1. children = sons. dwelt in the cities of Judah. See note on 1 Kings 12:17. stoned him with stones. Figure of speech Polyptoton. See note on Leviticus 24:14. Benjamin. See 1 Kings 11:36. Shemaiah. Compare 2 Chronicles 12:5 and 1 Kings 12:22. See note on Psalms 90, title. the man of God. See App-49. God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4. this thing is done of Me. As a chastisement for the apostasy of Solomon, and the arrogance of Rehoboam. (5-12) These particulars are complementary. App-56. built = rebuilt. for defence. Evidently these fifteen cities were for defence against Egypt, because of Jeroboam’s influence there (2 Chronicles 10:2). His fears were well grounded (2 Chronicles 12:2, 2 Chronicles 12:4 and 1 Kings 14:25). took him Mahalath . . . and Abihail. Render "took him with Malahath . . . Abihail". all Israel resorted to him. Thus the mingling of Israel with Judah was continued. See note on 1 Kings 12:17. coasts = borders. devils = hairy ones, or goats representing demons. he = Jeroboam. after them = following them. out of all the tribes. See notes on verses: 2 Chronicles 11:13-14 above, and 1 Kings 12:17. set = gave. three years. See note on 2 Chronicles 12:2. 2 Chronicles 12:1 Which. i.e. Which [latter]. children = sons. Maachah. Her other name was Michaiah (2 Chronicles 13:2). Absalom. Same as Abishalom (1 Kings 15:2). for. Note the Figure of speech Parenthesis. chief = head. them: i.e. the sons. wives = wives [for them]. he forsook. It is taken for granted that we know the details of 1 Kings 14:22-24. all. Figure of speech Synecdoche (of Whole), put for the part (viz. the ten tribes). fifth year. If the 390 years of Eze 4:5 date back from the 5th year of Jehoiakin’s captivity, they end 874, the close of Shishak’s invasion. Shisliak. There is an inscription by Shishak on the outside of the south wall of the temple of Ammon at Karnac, in which he names the "king of Judah", and gives a list of 120 fortified cities he took. against Jerusalem. See App-53. transgressed. Hebrew. ma’al. princes of Israel. See note on 1 Kings 12:17. Israel. A special various reading called Sevir (App-34) reads "Judah", as well as in 1 Chronicles 22:17; 1 Chronicles 23:2. Otherwise "Israel" is put for "Judah". some = for a little while. See note on Proverbs 5:14. My service. In contrast with the service of their enemies. The difference between God’s service and men’s servitude. A few codices, and six early printed editions, read "his service". against Jerusalem. See note on Judges 1:8, and App-53. had made. Compare 2 Chronicles 10:17. chief = princes. guard = runners. things went well. Hebrew "there were good words [spoken]": i.e. there were congratulations. had chosen. Compare 2 Chronicles 6:6 and 1 Kings 12:25-33. an = the. he did evil. Compare 1 Kings 14:22-24. prepared, or fixed. Compare Psalms 57:7; Psalms 108:1, and Psalms 112:7. are they not . . . ? Figure of speech Erotesis. book = words. Iddo. Compare 2 Chronicles 9:29; 2 Chronicles 13:22. seer. Hebrew. hozeh. See note on 1 Chronicles 29:29. wars. Compare 1 Kings 14:30. slept with his fathers. See note on Deuteronomy 31:16. Abijah. Called Abijam (1 Kings 14:31). See note on 1 Chronicles 25:11. Michaiah. Called also Maachah in 2 Chronicles 11:20; 1 Kings 15:2. See note on 1 Chronicles 25:11. Michaiah = Who is like Jehovah? This name used of her as the queen-mother; but she is called Maachah = oppression, when speaking of her idolatry (2 Chronicles 15:16). Uriel of Gibeah. Josephus (Antiquities VIII. 10, 1) says he was the husband of Tamar the daughter of Absalom, and the mother of Michaiah. See above, 2 Chronicles 11:20. 1 Kings 15:2. men of. Hebrew. gibbor. App-14. four hundred . . . eight hundred. Note the steady increase of Judah and the decrease of Israel: Rehoboam could assemble 180,000; Abijah (eighteen years later), 400,000; Asa (six years later), 580,000; Jehoshaphat (thirty-two years later), 1,160, 000. On the other hand, with Israel, Jeroboam could assemble 800,000, while Ahab’s army was compared to "two little flocks of kids" (1 Kings 20:27), which could not stand against the Syrians. This increase of Judah was caused by the constant emigration of Israelites from the ten tribes. See note on 1 Kings 12:17. mighty men. Hebrew. gibbor. App-14. mount = hill country: i.e. of Ephraim. Ought ye not . . . ? Figure of speech Erotesis. the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4. even to him. Israel’s king must be of David’s line. a covenant of salt. See notes on Leviticus 2:13 and Numbers 18:19. This is the third of the three occurrences, rebelled. Compare 1 Kings 11:26. children = sons. was. Hebrew. hayah = became, or showed himself [to be young and weak]. young. Compare 2 Chronicles 10:8; 2 Chronicles 12:13. the kingdom of the LORD. Once pertaining to the whole nation (1 Chronicles 28:5. 1 Chronicles 9:8), now confined to Judah. made you. Compare 1 Kings 12:28. Have ye not . . . ? Compare 2 Chronicles 11:14. Figure of speech Erotesis. App-6. nations = Peoples. seven rams. In Exodus 29:1 and Leviticus 8:2 only "two rams" appointed. But religion and ritual, being for the flesh, always add outward things while they diminish the spiritual. burn = "burn [as incense]". Hebrew. katar. App-43. candlestick = lampstand. behold. Figure of speech Asterismos. sounding trumpets. Compare Numbers 10:9; Numbers 31:6. behold. Figure of speech Asterismos. Ephrain. Identified as "Ephraim" (John 11:54). he died. Figure of speech Hysterologia. App-6. Jeroboam outlived Abijah. See note on 1 Kings 14:20. story. Hebrew. midrash = a, historical commentary, having in view the moral instruction rather than the historic facts. Occurs only here and 2 Chronicles 24:27. Iddo. Compare 2 Chronicles 9:29; 2 Chronicles 12:15. slept, &c. See note on Deuteronomy 31:16. quiet ten years. There was only border fighting (1 Kings 15:19, 1 Kings 15:32), but no actual campaign. See note on 2 Chronicles 15:19. took away . . . the high places. No "discrepancy" between this and 2 Chronicles 15:17; for the high places referred to there belonged to "Israel", not Judah. Asa could do nothing in Israel. images = sun images. groves. Hebrew. ’Asherim. See note on Exodus 34:13, and App-42. See note on Isaiah 17:8. gates = double doors. an army = a force. three hundred . . . two hundred (580,000). An increase of 180,000 on his father’s. See note on 2 Chronicles 13:3. mighty men. Hebrew. gibbor. App-14. belonging to Judah (2 Chronicles 11:8; 2 Chronicles 14:9; 2 Chronicles 14:10; 2 Chronicles 20:37. Joshua 15:44). Micah 1:15. Zephathah at. Septuagint reads "Zaphonah, northward to". man = mortal man. Hebrew. ’enosh. App-14. destroyed = broken. His host = His People’s battles are His own (1 Samuel 18:17; 1 Samuel 25:28). the fear of the LORD came. Compare 2 Chronicles 17:10; 2 Chronicles 20:29. And. This chapter supplementary to 1Ki 15. the Spirit. Hebrew. ruach. App-9. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Cause), for His gift of prophecy. One of the eight occurrences outside the book of Samuel. Azariah. Not mentioned elsewhere. Oded. See 2 Chronicles 28:9. Hebrew. ’oded. hath = had. without. Figures of speech Anaphora and Polysyndeton. App-6. and. Figure of speech Polysyndeton. a teaching priest. Teaching was the great priestly function. But, as generally with priests, teaching was neglected for ritual. See note on Deuteronomy 17:11; Deuteronomy 33:10. Malachi 2:7. no peace. As in the days of Deborah and Gideon (Judges 5:6; Judges 6:6). vexations = consternations. Compare Deuteronomy 7:23. 1 Samuel 5:9. Amos 3:9. Zechariah 14:13. Hebrew. mehumah = specially trouble from God. the countries: i.e. the different tribal divisions. adversity. By civil wars. and the prophecy, &c. Render: "and the prophecy (Oded was the prophet) he took", &c. abominable idols = abominations. Referring specially to the ’Asherim. App-42. the cities . . . taken. Probably by Abijah (2 Chronicles 13:19). mount = the hill country. strangers = sojourners: i.e. those not of Judah. Hebrew. gur. See note on Proverbs 5:3. Ephraim. Jeroboam’s own tribe. Simeon. Always more or less reckoned with Judah. fell to him out of Israel. See note on 1 Kings 12:17. third month. The feast of Pentecost. fifteenth year. The dates of verses: 2 Chronicles 15:9-19 refer to the parenthesis which concern 2 Chronicles 14:9-15. offered = sacrificed. Hebrew. zabach. App-43. the spoil. Taken from the Ethiopians, &c. (2 Chronicles 14:13-15). soul. Hebrew. nephesh. App-13. should be put to death. Compare Deuteronomy 17:2-6. Maachah. See note on 2 Chronicles 13:2. mother = the queen-mother. Put by Figure of speech Synecdoche (of Genus) for grandmother (1 Kings 15:2). idol in a grove = a monstrous ’Asherah for a grove. Compare 1 Kings 15:13. See App-42. stamped it = beat it small. not taken away. Not from "Israel" (2 Chronicles 15:17), but from Judah (2 Chronicles 14:3). Figure of speech Palinodia. App-6. perfect: i.e. so far as idolatry was concerned. things . . . dedicated = holy things. See note on Exodus 3:5. no more war = no actual campaign (as in 2 Chronicles 16:1). There was quiet between the two kings (2 Chronicles 14:1), but there was border fighting (as in 1 Kings 15:16, 1 Kings 15:32). See note on 2 Chronicles 14:1. reign = kingdom. Compare Numbers 24:7. 1 Samuel 20:31. 1 Kings 2:12. 1 Chronicles 11:10; 1 Chronicles 14:2; 1 Chronicles 17:14; 1 Chronicles 22:10; 1 Chronicles 28:5. In the, &c. This chapter is complementary to 1 Kings 15:17-24. six and thirtieth. The thirty-sixth year of the kingdom: i.e. from the disruption of the kingdom of Judah. This agrees with all the other dates and lengths of reigns. See App-50and note on p. 57. reign. See note on 2 Chronicles 15:19. came up against. There had been quiet between the two kingdoms as such (2 Chronicles 14:1; 2 Chronicles 15:19), though there had been border fighting (1 Kings 15:16, 1 Kings 15:32). let none go out. This shows that there was a tide of population streaming into Judah from Israel. See note on 1 Kings 2 Chronicles 12:17. treasures = treasuries. the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. There is. Supply ellipsis (App-6) by "Let there be". store cities = the storehouses of the cities. Septuagint reads "the surrounding cities". Hanani. Compare 1 Kings 16:1, 1 Kings 16:7; 1 Kings 19:2; 1 Kings 20:34. seer. Hebrew. ra’ah. See note on 1 Chronicles 29:29. Because. Compare similar protests against resting on foreign alliances (Isaiah 30:1; Isaiah 31:1). God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4. Were not. ? Figure of speech Erotesis. the eyes of the LORD. Figure of speech Anthropopatheia. Compare Proverbs 15:3. Job 34:21. Psalms 139:2. Jeremiah 16:17. Zechariah 4:10. perfect = whole, as in Deuteronomy 27:6. wroth with the seer. One of the eleven rulers offended with God’s servants. See note on Exodus 10:28. behold . . . lo. Figure of speech Asterismos. sought not. Contrast Hezekiah (2 Kings 20:2. Isaiah 38:2, Isaiah 38:3.) physicians = healers. First occurrence of mention of them among the Hebrews. These belonged to the priestly tribe, with traditional knowledge, more or less superstitious. Compare Job 13:4. In NT. we have Luke (Colossians 4:14). slept with his fathers. See note on Deuteronomy 31:16. sepulchres = a great sepulchre. Plural of majesty. made for himself. Not infrequently done. Compare Matthew 27:60. John 19:38-42. sweet odours and divers kinds. Figure of speech Hendiadys (App-6), emphasizing the many kinds of odours. Omit "of spices". very great burning: i.e. of the odours previously mentioned, but not of incense, or of the sin offering. Compare 2 Chronicles 21:19. Heb, saraph. App-43. And. This chapter is supplementary to 1 Kings 22:41-43. strengthened himself. Without this we could not understand his subsequent alliances with the worst of Israel’s kings (2 Chronicles 18:1, 2 Chronicles 18:2; 2 Chronicles 20:35, 2 Chronicles 20:36). fenced = fortified. Asa . . . had taken (2 Chronicles 15:8). the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. was with. Thus approving his strengthening himself against idolaters and idolatry. the first ways: i.e. David’s earlier ways were of faith. God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4. Israel. The worship of the calves, and Baal. brought . . . presents. In token of subjection and loyalty at beginning of reign (1 Samuel 10:27. 1 Kings 10:25). lifted up = encouraged. he took away. But "the people" failed in their part (2 Chronicles 20:33; 1 Kings 22:43). Jehoshaphat did his by commanding that they should be taken away; not, of course, doing this with his own hands. Compare 2 Chronicles 19:3. groves. Hebrew the ’Asherim. See notes on Exodus 34:13, and App-42. princes. These organized the Levites and priests (2 Chronicles 17:8) into a teaching mission. The first so recorded. to teach. This was the special function of the priests. See notes on Deuteronomy 17:9-12; Deuteronomy 33:10. the book of the law. See note on Exodus 17:14, and App-47. went about (2 Kings 23:2. Nehemiah 8:3-18). fear = dread. fell = came, or was. had much business = was busily engaged. and the men of. Hebrew, plural ’enosh. App-14. mighty men. Hebrew. gibbor. three hundred thousand. So far from these numbers being exaggerated, they are a token of Jehovah’s prospering grace. Jehoshaphat could muster 1,600,000; David, 1,300, 000. next to him = under his direction. Hebrew "at his hand" (1 Chronicles 25:2). With bow and shield. Figure of speech Zeugma (App-6), by which the second verb is omitted. If we supply the first, the second follows: "[armed] with bow and [using] shield". throughout all Judah. Compare 2 Chronicles 17:2. Now. &c. This chapter is complementary to 1Ki 22. riches and honour in abundance. This is repeated from 2 Chronicles 17:5, to show that there was no need for any alliance of any kind. joined affinity. By marrying his son Jehoram to Athaliah the daughter of Ahab (2 Chronicles 21:6; 2 Kings 8:18). Contrast 2 Chronicles 17:1, where he began by strengthening himself against Ahab, and now "joined affinity" with him. See App-55. Compare Asa’s alliance with Syria (1 Kings 15:17-19). Note the three alliances or unequal yokes: (1) Marriage (2 Chronicles 18:1; 2 Chronicles 21:6); (2) War (2 Chronicles 18:2-34); (3) Commerce (2 Chronicles 20:35, 2 Chronicles 20:36). The consequence of this alliance was that Jerusalem ran with blood. The same was seen when James I of England married his son Charles I to Henrietta of France. England ran with blood, Charles lost his head, and his son James II lost his throne. And. Note the Figure of speech Polysyndeton (App-6), emphasizing the consequent details. after certain years. The third year of the peace between Ahab and Syria (1 Kings 22:1, 1 Kings 22:2). And Ahab killed, &c. Ahab’s "sheep and oxen" did what all his men of war could never have done (2 Chronicles 17:2, 2 Chronicles 17:10-19). persuaded = seduced. Hebrew suth, to incite; our "sooth"; hence to deceive (Deuteronomy 13:6. 1 Samuel 26:19. 1 Kings 21:25. Jeremiah 38:22). Rarnoth-gilead. Now, probably Reimum, in Gileacl. One of the cities of’ refuge (Deuteronomy 4:43). God’s gift to Israel. we will be with thee. Jehoshaphat was deceived by its seeming to be a "good work". But "good" works are only "prepared" works (Ephesians 2:10). It could not be "good" if done "with thee" (Compare 2 Chronicles 19:2). "Better is he that ruleth his spirit than he that taketh a city" (Proverbs 16:32). But Jehoshaphat did not "take it". Enquire, &c. This shows his consciousness that he was not doing right. the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. prophets: i.e. the false prophets of Baal. God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4. They knew not experimental relationship with Jehovah. besides. He thus shows that he knew they were false prophets. I hate him = I have always hated him. True prophets are always hated by the Lord’s enemies. evil Hebrew. ra’a’. App-44. Micaiah = Who is like Jehovah? prophesied before them. Jehoshaphat well knowing that they were not the prophets of Jehovah. they. Note the characteristic ambiguity of such communications. assent = mouth. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Cause) for what is spoken by it. we . . . I. . . ye. Note the change in number. spirit. Hebrew. ruach. App-9. these. Some codices, with Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate, read "all these". thou shalt see = art going to see; or, art about to see; or, thou wilt soon see. Put this fellow. One of the eleven rulers offended with God’s servants. See note on Exodus 10:28, and App-10. bread of affliction. Genitive of relation. Bread accompanied by, or eaten in, affliction; also because of its quality, or scant allowance. people = Peoples. they went = they entered. But some codices, with two early printed editions, Aramaean, Syriac, and Vulg, read "he entered". Compare 1 Kings 22:30. carry him back. Implying that Micaiah was already a prisoner. Now, &c. Having been taken into the camp of Israel and allowed to hear what Ahab said, we are now taken into the camp of Syria to overhear what the king of Syria said. This is to enable us to understand what follows. the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. helped him: i.e. Jehoshaphat, for Jehovah was his Covenant God. God moved them. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4. He stood, to the Syrians, only in the relation of the Creator to His creatures. at a venture = in his innocence, or ignorance. of the harness = of the armour. that thou mayest = and. wounded = sore wounded. he died. Not fell asleep! No details of his death, here, in Chronicles, which is concerned only with Judah. Details given in Kings (1 Kings 22:35-38). in peace. In contrast with Ahab’s return (2 Chronicles 18:33, 2 Chronicles 18:34, 2 Chronicles 18:37). Jehu the son of Hanani. He had reproved Baasha, king of Israel, at Tirzah (1 Kings 16:1); and now rebukes Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, at Jerusalem. Shouldest thou . . . ? Figure of speech Erotesis, for emphasis. Here we have Jehovah’s opinion as to alliances with idolaters (Ahab, 2 Chronicles 18:1, &c), and as to what constitutes a "good work". See note on 2 Chronicles 19:3. ungodly = lawless one (singular) App-44. the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. wrath. Manifested in the wars recorded in 2 Chronicles 20:1-3. Nevertheless. Figure of speech Palinodia. the groves = the ’Asheroth. See App-42. God. Hebrew. Elohim.(with Art.) = the [true] God. App-4. from Beer-sheba, &c. The two outermost bounds. mount = hill country of. man. Hebrew. ’adam. App-14. in the judgments = in the word or matter of judgment. fear = dread, as in 2 Chronicles 20:29; not as in 2 Chronicles 19:9 below, which is "reverence". respect of persons. Closely following Deuteronomy 16:18-20. gifts = bribes. Moreover, &c. Compare Deuteronomy 17:8-13. chief = head. fear = reverence. See note on 2 Chronicles 19:7 above. warn. Used of warning or enlightenment as to God’s word (Psalms 19:11). Out of twenty-two occurrences fifteen are in Ezekiel. trespass. Hebrew. ’asham. App-44. Amariah. The fifth high priest from Zadok (1 Chronicles 6:11), Jehoshaphat being the fifth king from David. all matters of the LORD. Probably refers to spiritual, or ecclesiastical matters. Deal courageously = be strong, and act. after this: i.e. after Ahab’s death (2 Kings 3:5). children = sons. behold. Figure of speech Asterismos, App-6. himself = his face. the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. to ask = to seek. Supply "counsel" here. stood. On the platform provided for such purposes as this (2 Kings 11:14; 2 Kings 23:3). congregation = assembly. Hebrew. kahal. See note on "multitude" (Genesis 28:3). and. Some codices, with one early printed edition, Septuagint, and Syriac, read "in". the new court. The court of the priests, built by Solomon (2 Chronicles 4:9; 2 Chronicles 15:8). God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4. art not . . . rulest not . . . is there not? Figure of speech Erotesis. App-6. heathen = nations (Daniel 4:34, Daniel 4:35). in Thine hand. The words of David were accessible to Jehoshaphat (1 Chronicles 29:12). See App-47. so that none = and there is none. Abraham Thy friend. Three times so called: here, Isaiah 41:8, quoted in James 2:23. Compare Moses (Exodus 33:11). evil. Hebrew. raa’. App-44. sword. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Cause), App-6, for the execution done by it. Compare 1 Kings 8:37. 1 Kings 6:28. Thy name = Thy presence. affliction = distress. Some codices, with two early printed editions, read "distresses". mount Seir. The Edomite Mehunim. See 2 Chronicles 20:1. wouldest not, &c. Compare Deuteronomy 2:9. wilt Thou not . . . ? Figure of speech Erotesis. App-6. judge = bring judgments. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Cause), for the judgments themselves. company = rout. Jahaziel . . . Asaph. Probably Psalms 83 written at that time. Spirit. Hebrew. ruach. App-9. of: or from. Genitive of Origin: i.e. spiritual power from Jehovah. Be not afraid = "Be not [ye] afraid". cliff = ascent. brook = valley. stand ye still. Compare Exodus 14:13. the beauty of holiness = in His glorious sanctuary. See note on 1 Chronicles 16:29. Praise the LORD = Praise Jehovah. App-4. mercy = lovingkindness, or grace. the LORD. Some think the "Yod" (= J) was an abbreviation for "Judah". ambushments = liers in wait. The Targum interprets them of angelic powers. the dead bodies. Some codices, with five early printed editions and Vulgate, read "apparel". stripped off = raked together. Berachah = Blessing. fear = dread, as in 2 Chronicles 19:7 (not as in 2 Chronicles 19:9). Genitive of Character = a great dread. Asa his father. Some codices, with six early printed editions, read "his father Asa". not taken away. See note on 2 Chronicles 17:6. book = words. Jehu. Compare 2 Chronicles 19:2. after this. In the twentieth or twenty-first year of his reign. Compare 1 Kings 22:51. See App-50. "After" this wonderful deliverance. "After" the solemn warning of 2 Chronicles 19:2. "After" his experience in 2 Chronicles 18:31. join himself. This was the third alliance (Commercial). See note on 2 Chronicles 18:1. Note the Figure of speech Repetitio (App-6), by which great emphasis is laid on these words by their repetition in verses: 2 Chronicles 20:36 and 2 Chronicles 20:37. who did very wickedly. This is added to show that the reason against such an alliance was just as strong with Ahaziah as with Ahab. wickedly = lawlessly. App-44. to make ships to go to Tarshish. This was prior to the similar event recorded in 1 Kings 22:48, 1 Kings 22:49, where he made (himself) "Tarshish ships to go to Ophir". Ahaziah again sought to implicate Jehoshaphat. But he failed in the attempt, for we there read "Jehoshaphat would not" (2 Chronicles 20:49). And the ships "did not go", for they were "broken" (2 Chronicles 20:48). The marginal note in Authorized Version is neither correct nor necessary. Eliezer. Sent by Jehovah, just as Jehu had been sent (2 Chronicles 19:2). broken. A Homonym. Hebrew. paraz, to break. Rightly so rendered here. Its other meaning, to increase, as rightly given in Genesis 30:43. Exodus 1:12. -. slept with his fathers. See note on Deuteronomy 31:16; and contrast his ally’s end (2 Chronicles 18:34). Jehoram. He was designated to be king in the seventeenth year of his father, but crowned in his father’s twenty-third year. He reigned eight years in Jerusalem: two with his father, and six after his father’s death (compare 2 Kings 1:17; 2 Kings 8:16). Israel. This word was originally represented by the abbreviation (i or y), which was read for "Israel" as well as Judah. The reading in the Severus Codex (see App-34) is "Judah", and this is supported by the first edition of the Hagiographa (Naples, 1486-1487), the Complutensian Polyglot, Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate. This same note applies to 2 Chronicles 28:19, where the same phenomena occur. slew all his brethren. The mischief of his marriage (2 Chronicles 18:1) was thus soon seen. The enemy’s design in breaking into the royal line so as to destroy the promises of Gen 3:15 and 2 Samuel 7:16 is seen. See App-23. Jehoshaphat made the beginning (2 Chronicles 18:1); Jehoram follows it up (2 Chronicles 21:4); the Arabians continue the assault (2 Chronicles 21:17; 2 Chronicles 22:1); Athaliah nearly succeeds in accomplishing the design of Satan (2 Chronicles 22:10). the daughter of Ahab: i.e. Athaliah. See App-23and App-55. evil. Hebrew. ra’a’. App-44. the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. the covenant. Compare 2 Samuel 7:12-17. as = according as. a light = a lamp. Compare 1 Kings 15:4; 1 Kings 11:36. The word always refers to this promise to David. the Edomites revolted. Thus fulfilling Genesis 27:40. Compare 2 Kings 8:20. 2 Kings 8:9 went forth with his princes. Compare 2 Kings 8:21. They went to Zair. unto this day. Compare 2 Kings 8:22. did Libnah revolt. Libnah was a city of the priests (Joshua 21:13). The Temple was broken up (2 Chronicles 24:4, 2 Chronicles 24:7), and the priests combined to dethrone Athaliah, and to restore the worship of Jehovah (2 Chronicles 23:14-17; 2 Chronicles 24:4-11). mountains. A special various reading called Sevir (App-34), some codices, with one early printed edition, Septuagint, and Vulgate, read "cities". fornication. Literal as well as spiritual, connected with the worship of the ’Asherah (App-42). compelled. Compare Deuteronomy 4:19. there came = was brought. Why assume that Elijah then sent it? It might have "come" as Holy Scripture comes to us to-day, though written in the past. It does not say a "letter" (which would be ’iggereth, or sepher, a book), but michetab, any writing, written at any time; probably a prophetic writing to be delivered at this particular time. Elijah. Long since raptured (2 Kings 2; Compare 2 Chronicles 3:11). This is the only mention of Elijah in Chronicles. Behold. Figure of speech Asterismos. . and. Note the Figure of speech Polysyndeton (App-6) in verses: 2 Chronicles 21:14-15. children = sons. spirit. Hebrew. ruach. App-9. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Cause), for life in its manifestations. the Philistines. These were tributaries before this (2 Chronicles 17:11). were near: or were under the direction of. into Judah. And as far as Jerusalem, which also they took. his wives. Except Athaliah. never a son left him. This shows how nearly the plot of the great enemy succeeded in breaking up the royal line. See App-23, and compare note on 2 Chronicles 21:4 above. Jehoahaz, or Ahaziah (2 Chronicles 22:1), or Azariah (2 Chronicles 22:6). All the same meaning = Jehovah taketh hold. On the various spelling of proper names, sea note on 1 Chronicles 25:11. no burning: i.e. of spices. without being desired = unregretted. slain all the eldest. See note on 2 Chronicles 21:17. Forty and two years old = a son of forty-two years: i.e. of the house of Omri, on account of his connection with it through his mother (832-790 = 42). In 2 Kings 8:26 Ahaziah’s actual age (twenty-two years) is given when he began to reign (790) during the two years of his father’s disease. His father, Jehoram, was thirty-two when he began to reign with Jehoshaphat, two years before the latter’s death (2 Kings 8:16). This was in 796. Jehoram therefore was born in 828. Ahaziah, his son, being twenty-two when he began his co-regency, was therefore born in 812; his father being sixteen years old. See App-50. pp 2 Chronicles 57:58. daughter of Omri. Daughter put by Figure of speech Synecdoche (of Genus) for granddaughter. See App-55. ways. Compare 2 Kings 8:27. evil = the evils. Hebrew. ra’a. . the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. with Jehoram. Compare 2 Kings 8:28, &c. Joram. Another spelling of Jehoram. See note on 1 Chronicles 25:11. Azariah. Same as Ahaziah. See note on 2 Chronicles 22:1 with 2 Chronicles 21:17. destruction. Compare 2 Kings 9:21-27. God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4. whom the LORD had anointed. Compare 2 Kings 9:6, 2 Kings 9:7. hid = hiding himself. in Samaria. The province, not the city. brought him. His wounds being partially healed. to Jehu. Who must have been then at Megiddo (2 Kings 9:27). she arose and destroyed. The enemy’s third attempt, at this time, to destroy the royal succession: (1) 2 Chronicles 21:4; (2) 2 Chronicles 21:17; 2 Chronicles 22:1; (3) 2 Chronicles 22:10. This time he well-nigh succeeded. See App-25. from among . . . slain. As Christ, the Antitype, Who was raised from among the dead, and is now hidden on high (Acts 3:21). bedchamber. One formerly used by the priests. the daughter of king Jehoram: i.e. of the former king of that name (2 Kings 11:2). the wife of Jehoiada the priest. Hence her action. See note on "Libnah" (2 Chronicles 21:10). in the house of God. The safest of all places at that time; for its courts were deserted (2 Chronicles 24:7). six. The number of man. See App-10. And. This chapter is complementary to 2 Kings 11:4-20. See App-56. seventh. The number of spiritual perfection. App-10. strengthened himself. Chronicles mentions the military (2 Chronicles 23:1), but enlarges on the Levites (verses: 2 Chronicles 23:2, &c.) Kings recognizes the Levites (2 Kings 11:4-12), but enlarges on the military. See the book comments for 1 Chronicles (note on the Title), and App-56. Israel. Note this word here, and see note on 1 Kings 12:17. congregation = assembly, or muster. God. Hebrew. Elohim.(with Art.) = the [true] God. Figure of speech Asterismos, to emphasize the text or sermon of Jehoiada, which was the faithfulness of Jehovah to His word. as = according as. hath said. This is the great point. Compare 2 Chronicles 6:16; 2 Chronicles 7:18. 2 Samuel 7:12. 1 Kings 2:4; 1 Kings 9:5. doors = thresholds. Especially that of Sur (2 Kings 11:6). holy. See note on Exodus 3:5. temple = house, as in preceding context. put upon him the crown, and the testimony. Figure of speech Zeugma (App-6), by which there is an Ellipsis of the second verb, rightly supplied in Authorized Version, "gave him". testimony: i.e. the book of the Law. stood = standing. Treason, Treason. Figure of speech Epizeuxis. App-6. brought out. Syriac reads "commanded". Compare 2 Kings 11:15. host = force. laid hands on her: or, made way for her. the house of Baal. All the vessels of the Temple had been removed thither by Jehoram and Athaliah (2 Chronicles 24:7). slew Mattan. According to Deuteronomy 13:9. the Levites. Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate read "and the Levites". of. Some codices, with six early printed editions, read "to". by David. Hebrew "upon (or by) the hands of David". rejoiced . . . quiet. "After" Athaliah was slain! So will it be when the great usurper shall he finally cast down. Joash. Compare 2 Kings 12:1, 2 Kings 12:2. the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. for him: i.e. Joash. Was this because the line was almost extinct, or from lack of faith? it came to pass. Compare 2 Kings 12:4, 2 Kings 12:5. to repair. See 2 Chronicles 24:7. of all Israel. See note on 1 Kings 12:17. money = silver. God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4. the king called. In the twenty-third year (2 Kings 12:6). collection = the tribute of the half-shekel redemption money (Exodus 50:13-16). See App-51. Moses the servant of the LORD. See note on Deuteronomy 34:5. congregation = assembly. tabernacle. Hebrew. ’ohel. App-40. sons of Athaliah. Ahaziah and his brethren before they were slain (2 Chronicles 21:17), which may have been allowed in consequence of their sin. Compare 2 Chronicles 21:10-12. that wicked woman. The term found only here. dedicated = holy. See note on Exodus 3:5. Moses the servant of God. See note on 1 Chronicles 6:49. such as did the work. Hebrew text reads sing, "him who did". The Authorized Version, following some codices, with Aramaean, Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulg, reads plural by them: i.e. by their hand: i.e. by their direction. an hundred and thirty years. Unprecedented since Joshua (2 Chronicles 24:29). Born in Solomon’s reign, he lived through six others. among the kings. An honour refused to Joash. Compare 2 Chronicles 24:25. made obeisance. With the view of obtaining the king’s consent to their renewal of idolatry. groves. Hebrew. ’Asherah. See App-42. idols = grievous images. wrath came. From Jehovah. Compare verses: 2 Chronicles 24:23-24. they testified against them. The Vulgate reads quos protestantes = who in protesting against them. Thus, the first instance of the word "Protestant" is found in the Vulgate, and not in the history of the Reformation. Pro = for, and testans = witnessing, is positive, not negative. It denotes a witnessing for God and His truth, not merely against evil. Spirit. Hebrew. ruach. App-9. came upon = clothed. Zechariah the son of Jehoiada. In Zechariah 1:1 and Matthew 23:35 a second name is given, "son of Barachias". On the use of two or more names see note on 1 Chronicles 25:11. It is quite needless to assume that there is any error, when so simple a solution lies on the surface. saith = hath said. A rare form of the verb. stoned him. One of nine persons stoned. See note on Leviticus 24:14. at the commandment of the king. One of eleven rulers offended with God’s servants. See note on Exodus 10:28. he: i.e. Zechariah. and require it. The very words twice used by the Lord Jesus in Luke 11:50, Luke 11:51. Compare Matthew 23:35. host = force. destroyed all the princes. Who had led the People astray. This is how the "wrath came "(2 Chronicles 24:18). sons. Put by Figure of speech Synecdoche (of Genus), App-6, for Jehoiada’s one son: thus emphasizing the son who was slain (2 Chronicles 24:20-21). The Septuagint and Vulgate read it "son" (without the Figure of speech) not in the sepulchres. As Ahaz (2 Chronicles 28:27). Zabad . . . Jehozabad. Slaves, but the executioners of God’s judgment. Zabad had another name (Jozachar), used in 2 Kings 12:21. Shimrith. In 2 Kings 12:21 he has another name, "Shomer", if not his father’s name. burdens laid upon him. By the king of Syria (2 Kings 12:18). repairing (verses: 2 Chronicles 24:4-14). behold. Figure of speech Asterismos. App-6. story = the commentary. See note on 2 Chronicles 13:22, the only other place in which the word is found. his son. Not so in Israel. There they set up whom they chose (1 Kings 15:27; 1 Kings 16:15, 1 Kings 16:22). Here is seen Jehovah’s faithfulness, in "the sure mercies of David" (2 Samuel 7:16. Psalms 89:34-36). Amaziah. Compare 2 Kings 14:1-3. Complementary to Kings (see App-56); verses: 2 Chronicles 25:5-10 and verses: 2 Chronicles 25:13-16 are additional. established = confirmed. killed the king (2 Chronicles 24:25, 2 Chronicles 24:26). as it is written. Compare Deuteronomy 24:16. in the law in the book of Moses. See App-47. children = sons. sin. Hebrew. chata’. App-44. a man of God. See App-49. God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4. let not. For similar protests Compare 2 Chronicles 19:2; 2 Chronicles 20:37. army = host. Israel. These were mercenaries gathered out of the ten tribes, to be used against Edom (2 Chronicles 25:6). not with. This is the measure by which our alliances of all kinds should be tried. all the children of Ephraim = any of the sons of Ephraim. Of these were the kings of Israel. Ephraim. Put here for the whole northern kingdom. be strong. Figure of speech Eironeia. App-6. army = troop. valley of salt. South of the Dead Sea. the children of Seir: i.e. the Edomites. them: i.e. men, not villages. set them up. For a similar action See 2 Chronicles 28:23. sent unto him a prophet. When He might have sent a sore judgment. deliver = rescue. Art thou made of, &c. = Have we given thee to be of. of the king’s counsel = for counsellor to the king. determined = counselled. advice = counsel, as in 2 Chronicles 25:16. He took man’s counsel, but not God’s. see = look. Idiom for desire to fight. thistle = thorn. Compare 2 Kings 14:9. saw. See note on "see" (2 Chronicles 25:17) Obed-edom. He and his family were the Temple treasurers (1 Chronicles 26:15). hostages. Hebrew "sons of securities". are they not . . . ? Figure of speech Erotesis. App-6. made a conspiracy = conspired a great conspiracy. Figure of speech Polyptoton. the city of Judah = Jerusalem. The only occurrence of the expression. Some codices, with Septuagint and Syriac and Vulgate, read "the city of David". Then. This chapter largely complementary to 2 Kings 15:1-7. Uzziah. Another spelling is Azariah. In Chronicles and the Prophets it is usually Uzziah, except in 1 Chronicles 3:12. king: i.e. Amaziah. slept with his fathers. See note on Deuteronomy 31:16. began to reign. 2 Kings 15:1 says he began to reign in the 27th of Jeroboam. This leaves a gap of thirteen years (714-701). See App-50. right. Compare 2 Chronicles 25:2 and 2 Kings 15:3. the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. God. Hebrew. Elohim. with Art. = the [true] God. App-4. who had understanding in the visions of God. This is the Figure of speech Periphrasis (App-6) for a prophet. and. Note: a more or less complete Polysyndeton runs through this account of Uzziah, to emphasize the details. Jabneh, now "Yebnah". Between Joppa and Ashdod, on northern boundary of Judah. cities = fortresses. Mehuniins. See note on 2 Chronicles 20:1 and 1 Chronicles 4:41. spread abroad. Compare 2 Chronicles 26:15, and see Structure above. host = force. by bands = troops, or for foray. by the hand = under the direction of. chiefs = head. the mighty men. Hebrew. gibbor. App-14. habergeons = bucklers, or coats of mail. engines. The Roman balista, or catapults that would cast stones up to 300 lb. a quarter of a mile. Cunning. Old Eng. = knowing, or skilful. marvellously helped: or, marvelled at for being helped. till he was strong. This is the zone of real danger. When we are weak, then are we strong (2 Corinthians 12:9, 2 Corinthians 12:10; 2 Corinthians 13:4). when he was strong. See note on 2 Chronicles 26:15. transgressed. Hebrew. ma’al. App-44. valiant men = sons of valour. consecrated = sanctified, or set apart. See note on Exodus 28:41. trespassed. Same word as "transgressed" (2 Chronicles 26:16). was wroth. One of eleven rulers offended with God’s faithful servants. See note on Exodus 10:28. the leprosy. One of nine so affected. See note on Exodus 4:6. The death penalty of Num 18:7 was thus limited. in his forehead. In contrast with the high priest’s frontlet, "Holiness to Jehovah". the chief priest. See note on Leviticus 4:3. behold. Figure of speech Asterismos. himself hasted. As Haman (Esther 6:12). several house = the separate house, or lazar house. Isaiah. Raised up to prophesy in his reign. Wrote parts of 2 Kings, and his prophecy, Compare 2 Chronicles 32:32. slept with his fathers. See note on Deuteronomy 31:16. the field of the burial. Not in the royal sepulchres. twenty and five years old: i.e. when he began to reign alone. He was twenty when his father was smitten, and when he became co-regent. At his father’s death he was twenty-five, and Ahaz was five. See App-50. the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. according to all: i.e. to all the good, not the evil. Hence the "howbeit", which follows. entered not into. As his father had done (2 Chronicles 26:16). Not like Ahaz (2 Chronicles 28:24). high = upper. Ophel = the Ophel; or, the lofty place or tower at the north end of the hill of Zion, between Zion and the Temple. children = sons. measures. Hebrew. kor. App-51. became mighty = strengthened himself. prepared = fixed, or established. lo. Figure of speech Asterismos. App-6. five and twenty. Repeated here from 2 Chronicles 27:1, to show that he continued his well-doing. slept, &c. See note on Deuteronomy 31:16. This chapter is complementary to 2Ki 16. See App-56. twenty years . . . sixteen years. Yet his son Hezekiah was twenty-five years old when he died (2 Chronicles 29:1). See note on 2 Kings 16:1. when he: i.e. when he (Jotham). Compare Jehoiakim and Jehoachin (2 Chronicles 36:9; 2 Kings 21 not . . . like. Nor like his own father Jotham, or his son Hezekiah. the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. For. He outdid the kings of Israel: compare 2 Kings 16:3, 2 Kings 16:4, which brought forth the prophecies of Isaiah, Micah, Nahurn, and others. children = sons. heathen = nations. sacrificed. Compare 2 Kings 16:4. his. Which should have been his. God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4. the king Of Syria: i.e. Rezin, whom God raised up as a scourge. they smote him: i.e. when they took Elath (2 Kings 16:6). Pekah the son of Hemaliah. Compare 2 Kings 15:27 and Isaiah 7. As Pekah ends three years before Ahaz begins, this must have taken place between 632 and 629 B.C. valiant men = sons of valour. mighty man. Hebrew. gibbor. App-14. women, &c. These also were guilty. Compare Jeremiah 7:18. took also away: i.e. from Jerusalem. See App-53. Oded = establishing. His name is prophetic. went out before the host. Showing his courage. reacheth up unto heaven. Figure of speech Hyperbole (App-6), to express the greatness of the rage. are there not . . . ? Figure of speech Erotesis. sins = trespasses, or guilt. Hebrew ’asham. App-44. certain = men. Hebrew. ’enosh. App-14. heads. Not the king. Johanan. Should be Jehohanan. offended = trespassed. Hebrew. ’asham. App-44. congregation = assembly. feeble = tottering. the city of palm trees. Compare Deuteronomy 34:3. then they returned to Samaria. Compare this account with Luke 10:30-37. kings = the great king. Plural of majesty. Philistines. These behind, and the Syrians before. Compare Isaiah 9:12, Isaiah 9:13. Israel. See note on 2 Chronicles 21:2. naked: i.e. had stripped Judah of the worship and service of God. transgressed = acted treacherously: i.e. been grievously unfaithful. Hebrew. ma’al. App-44. Tilgath-pilneser. Compare 2 Kings 16:10. The accounts in Kings and Chronicles are complementary. See App-56. trespass. Hebrew. ma’al App-44. See note on "transgressed", 2 Chronicles 28:19. this is that king Ahaz. Compare three specially branded transgressors: Cain (Genesis 4:15); Dathan (Numbers 26:9); and Ahaz, here. Contrast Hezekiah (2 Chronicles 32:12, 2 Chronicles 32:30). which smote him: i.e. which [as he believed] smote him. help them. So he falsely reasoned. the ruin of him. As the idolatry of the Edomites ruined Amaziah (2 Chronicles 25:14, 2 Chronicles 25:15). gathered together. Compare 2 Kings 16:8. shut up the doors. His son Hezekiah’s first act was to open them (2 Chronicles 29:3). all his ways. Compare 2 Chronicles 27:7. behold. Figure of speech Asterismos. slept with his fathers. See note on Deuteronomy 31:16. in the city. Not in the sepulchres. began to reign. In the third year of Hoshea, king of Israel. Therefore in the last year but one of his father’s reign. Hezekiah began his reformation in 616, the first year of his sole reign. See App-50. Abijah. In 2 Kings 18:2 it is given as ’Abi, here it is ’Abijah. But the "I" in the former stands for the abbreviation of "jah" in the latter. the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. the first year. Yea, on the first day (2 Chronicles 29:17). Only three verses occupied with this in Kings, but three chapters in Chronicles. For the reason and object see App-56. opened the doors. Compare 2 Chronicles 28:24. Note his zeal for the house of the LORD in his "Songs of the degrees" (Psalms 122:1, Psalms 122:9; Psalms 134:1, Psalms 134:2). See App-67. the east street = the broad place at the east. Compare Ezra 10:9. ye Levites. Reformation must begin with the ministry. All priests were Levites, but not all Levites were priests. holy. See note on Exodus 3:5. trespassed = acted unfaithfully. Hebrew. ma’al. App-44. evil = the evil. Hebrew. ra’a’ (with Art.) habitation = dwelling place. Hebrew. mishkan. App-40. Also = And, carrying the Figure of speech Polysyndeton into this verse. shut up the doors. Compare 2 Chronicles 28:24. offered = offered up. Hebrew. ’alah. App-43. was = came. trouble = commotion. as = according as. for this: for the sins rehearsed in verses: 2 Chronicles 29:6-7. in mine heart. Put there by God. Then the Levites arose. They were from each of the three leading families (Gershorn, Kohath, and Merari); two from the family of Elizaphan (Kohath’s grandson. Exodus 6:18, Exodus 6:22. Numbers 3:30); two from the posterity of Asaph (of Gershom); two of Heman (of Kohath); two of Jeduthun (of Merari). Fourteen in all. See App-10. by the words: or in the business. Compare 2 Chronicles 29:30. the inner part. All true reformation begins there, and proceeds outward. Man makes clean the outside, and never gets any farther (Matthew 15:11, Matthew 15:17-20; Matthew 23:25, Matthew 23:26. Luke 11:39). the first day of the first month. Note the six events which took place on that day (Genesis 8:13). in = inside. Ahaz . . . cast away. Compare 2 Kings 16:14, 2 Kings 16:17. transgression = defection. Hebrew. ma’al. App-44. rose early . . . went up. Note the zeal of Hezekiah for the house of Jehovah in his Songs of the degrees. See Psalms 122:1, Psalms 122:9; Psalms 134:1, Psalms 134:2; and compare Isaiah 37:1, Isaiah 37:14; Isaiah 38:20. 2 Kings 20:8, and App-67. rulers = princes. on = toward. sprinkled the blood. According to Leviticus 4:30-34. forth = near. congregation = assembly. laid their hands. According to Leviticus 4:15; Leviticus 8:22; Leviticus 16:21. reconciliation = cleansing. atonement. See note on Exodus 29:33. for all Israel. Note the reference to this in Hezekiah’s "Songs of the degrees" (Psalms 133, and Compare 2 Chronicles 30:1-3, 2 Chronicles 30:5, 2 Chronicles 30:6, 2 Chronicles 30:11, 2 Chronicles 30:12, 2 Chronicles 30:14, 2 Chronicles 30:18, 2 Chronicles 30:25, 2 Chronicles 30:26). See note on 1 Kings 12:17 and App-67. David. Compare 1 Chronicles 15:16; 1 Chronicles 23:5; 1 Chronicles 25:1. seer. Hebrew. chozeh. See note on 1 Chronicles 29:29. of = by the hand of. by = by the hand of. of. Genitive of Relation = appointed by. Compare 2 Chronicles 29:27. consecrated. See note on verb (Exodus 28:41. Leviticus 9:17). consecrated things = holy things. See note on Exodus 3:5. sent. This was before the Removal of Israel. all Israel. See note on 2 Chronicles 30:24 and App-67. also. He wrote letters, as well as sent messengers. the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. keep the passover. One of the ten observances of this feast. See note on Exodus 12:28. God Hebrew. Elohim. App-4. congregation = assembly. See note on Genesis 28:3. the second month. As provided by the law (Numbers 9:6-13). at that time: i.e. the first month, while all the work was going on. Compare Exodus 12:18. pleased = was right in the eyes of. throughout all Israel. The king, Hoshea, not objecting. Compare 2 Kings 17:2. had not done it. Not since the division of the kingdom. posts = couriers. Compare Esther 3:13, Esther 3:15; Esther 8:10, Esther 8:14. Jeremiah 51:31. Elsewhere rendered "footmen" (1 Samuel 22:17), or "guard" (1 Kings 14:27, 1 Kings 14:28; 2 Kings 10:25. 2 Kings 12:10, 2 Kings 12:11). from = from the hand of: i.e. by his direction. children = sons. Abraham, Isaac, and Israel. See note on 1 Kings 18:36 for the 5 occurrences of this expression. the kings of Assyria. Pul and Tilgath-pilneser (2 Kings 15:19. 1 Chronicles 5:26). These escaped captives were from the large numbers which had already been removed. See note on 2 Chronicles 30:9 and App-67. trespassed. Hebrew. ma’al. App-44. as = according as. stiffnecked. Figure of speech Metonymy (of Adjunct), App-6, put for obstinacy. yield yourselves = submit yourselves. Hebrew "give the hand", "hand" being put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Adjunct), for submission. Compare 1 Chronicles 29:24. lead them captive. Though the ten tribes, as such, had not been deported, yet thousands had been led captive. Hezekiah’s Song of the degrees (Psalms 126:1) refers to this. Compare 2 Chronicles 30:6, and see App-67. gracious, &c. Compare Exodus 34:6. divers = men. Hebrew. ’enosh, App-14. of Asher. These must have remained with Judah. Compare Luke 2:36, showing that Judah was representative of the whole nation. See note on 1 Kings 12:17. God. Hebrew. Elohim (with Art.) = the [true] God. App-4. one heart. It is to this that Hezekiah refers in his Song of the degrees (Psalms 133:1). It is a Psalm of David, selected by Hezekiah because David knew the blessedness of this "unity". See 2 Samuel 19:9, 2 Samuel 19:14 and App-67. by. Some codices, with six early printed editions and Syriac, read "according to". altars. The brazen serpent also. See 2 Kings 18:4. brook = ravine. stood, &c. Hebrew "stood in their standing"; i.e. stood in their appointed place. Figure of speech Polyptoton (App-6). the law of Moses. Compare 2 Chronicles 29:22. the man of God. See note on Deuteronomy 33:1, and App-49. passovers. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Adjunct), for the "passover lambs". otherwise. Hezekiah considered this to be the lesser of two evils. healed. And did not visit according to Leviticus 15:31. present = found. comfortably. Compare Isaiah 40:2. offering. Hebrew. zabach. App-43. other seven days. As at Solomon’s Dedication. strangers = sojourners. Exodus 12:48, Exodus 12:49. not the like. Referring to the extra days of 2 Chronicles 30:23. Perfectly true; for this was "since the time of Solomon". Josiah’s passover (2 Kings 23:22, 2 Kings 23:23) was after Hezekiah’s. the priests the Levites. Compare Deuteronomy 17:9. But some codices, with Septuagint and Vulgate, read "and the". holy. See note on Exodus 3:5. when. After, not before. All true reformation begins within and works outward. Compare Philippians 1:2, Philippians 1:12, Philippians 1:13. all Israel. See note on 2 Chronicles 30:1. present = found. cities. Jerusalem had been cleansed before the passover. Compare 2 Chronicles 30:14. groves = the ’Asherim. App-42. children = sons. the courses of the priests. 1 Chronicles 24:26. the king’s portion. Compare 2 Chronicles 32:27-29 and Numbers 18; Numbers 28; and Numbers 29. written in the law. See App-47. tithe. Authorized Version, 1611, read "tithes" (plural) God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4. by heaps. Hebrew "heaps, heaps" = great heaps. Figure of speech Epizeuxis. third . . . seventh: i.e. Sivan, Thammuz, Ah, Elul, Ethanim. to lay the foundation: i.e. to begin to build up the heaps. chambers = storehouses. offerings = heave offerings. See note on Exodus 29:27, and App-43. dedicated = holy. See note on Exodus 3:5. God. Hebrew. Elohim.(with Art.) = the [true] God. toward the east. Compare 1 Chronicles 9:18. oblations = heave offerings, as in 2 Chronicles 31:12. the most holy things. Compare Leviticus 2:3; Leviticus 6:17, Leviticus 6:25, Leviticus 6:29. Eden. Compare 2 Chronicles 29:12. set office = office of trust. according to. Some codices, with seven early printed editions, read "in". by. Some codices, with one early printed edition, read "according to". congregation = assembly. See note on Genesis 28:3. sanctified themselves in holiness: or, devoted themselves [as] a holy body. See note on Exodus 3:6. priests. Some codices, with Syriac, read "priest". were reckoned by genealogies: or, registered themselves. And. A special various reading called Sevir (App-34) omits "And". After these things. Thirteen years after the events in chapter 31. establishment = "[done in] faithfulness". to win. Hebrew to break them up. Supply Figure of speech Ellipsis, thus: "to break them up [and annex them] for himself". to stop. By covering up the fountain En-rogel (now known as "The Virgin’s Fount"), or Gihon (upper pool), on east side of Ophel. Discovered by Sir Charles Warren in 1867. This was brought down to the west side of the city by Hezekiah (2 Chronicles 32:30. Compare 2 Kings 20:20). En-rogel was stopped on the east side, and a channel cut through to the lower pool of Gihon on the west, and south to Siloam, a shaft running down to the water beneath Zion: referred to in Psalms 46:4. This -is contrasted with the Assyrian host, which is compared in the previous verse to raging waters. Isaiah refers to these works (Isaiah 22:9-11). the brook = the overflow: i.e. Gihon, which frequently did so. kings = the [great] king. Plural of majesty. repaired Millo. See notes on 2 Samuel 5:9. 1 Kings 11:27. street = broad space. spake comfortably. Compare Isaiah 40:2. Be strong, &c. Hebrew "be ye strong", &c. See note on Deuteronomy 31:6. multitude. Compared to raging waters (Psalms 46:2, Psalms 46:3). After this. Omitting the account of the surrender of 2 Kings 18:14-10. send his servants. Compare 2 Kings 18:17-37; 2 Kings 19:1-35. Isaiah 10:8-11; Isaiah 10:36; Isaiah 10:37. against Lacnish. A difficult task, for Rab-shakeh found Sennacherib had abandoned the siege (2 Kings 19:8). Joshua had found it the same (see note on "second day", Joshua 10:31, Joshua 10:32). In Jeremiah 34:7 it still belonged to Judah. power = royal retinue. Whereon . . . ? Note the Figure of speech Erotesis (App-6), used throughout Rabshakeh’s message, verses: 2 Chronicles 32:32; 2 Chronicles 32:10-14. trust = confide. Hebrew. batah. App-69. Note the reference to Hezekiah’s "trust in Jehovah" in his Songs of the degrees (121:3; 125.:1-3; 127:1; 130:5-8, and see App-67. deliver = rescue. the same Hezekiah. Contrast Ahaz (2 Chronicles 28:22). See App-67. people = peoples. Who . . . ? Figure of speech Erotesis. App-6. god. Hebrew. ’eloah. App-4. God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4. Plural, with verb "deliver" in sing God. Elohim (with Art.) = the [true] God. to rail. It is this railing which is referred to in Hezekiah’s "Songs of the degrees": e.g. Psalms 120:2, Psalms 120:3; Psalms 123:3, Psalms 123:4; Psalms 129:5-7. God of Jerusalem. A remarkable title used by heathen. prayed and cried. This is what Hezekiah refers to in his "Songs of the degrees" (Psalms 120:1; Psalms 123:1-3; Psalms 130:1, Psalms 130:2). Compare Isaiah 38:10-20. 2 Kings 19:15-19; 2 Kings 20:2, 2 Kings 20:3. See App-67. One of the few O.T. instances of united prayer. heaven. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Subject), for God Himself. "Heaven" used here because the prayer was made to God, as "the Maker of heaven and earth" (2 Kings 19:15. Isaiah 37:16). This is referred to in Hezekiah’s "Songs of the degrees" (Psalms 121:1, Psalms 121:2; Psalms 123:1; Psalms 124:8). returned with shame. This is referred to in Hezekiah’s "Songs of the degrees" (Psalms 129:4, Psalms 129:5). Revised Version "be ashamed and turned backward". See App-67. they that came forth of his own bowels. The phrase occurs only here. See notes on 2 Kings 19:37. brought gifts . . . presents. This explains 2 Chronicles 32:27, and tells us how he could show treasures to the ambassadors from Babylon (2 Kings 20:13. Isaiah 39:1, Isaiah 39:2), after he had stripped himself for Sennacherib in 2 Kings 18:15. nations = the nations. In those days. While Sennacherib’s host was still surrounding Jerusalem. This is a brief summary of what is described in 2Ki 20and Isaiah 38. gave him a sign. Recorded in 2 Chronicles 20:1-11. The going back of the shadow on the sun-dial of Ahaz ten degrees, which caused him to give the title of the fifteen "Songs of the degrees" (Psalms 120 - 134). See App-67. the pride = the lifting up. Compare 2 Chronicles 32:25. wine = new wine. Hebrew. tirosh. App-27. cotes. Anglo-Saxon for enclosures. stopped. The latest discoveries prove that the upper pool (Gihon) is identical with En-rogel (= the Fuller’s Spring), now "the Virgin’s Fount". A rock-hewn channel was cut from this westward to "the lower pool of Gihon, and eastward to Siloam". On the water supply at that time, see Isaiah 7:3; Isaiah 8:6; Isaiah 22:9-11; Isaiah 36:2. Compare 2 Chronicles 32:3, 2 Chronicles 32:4 and 2 Kings 20:20. Babylon. The first occurrence of the name in connection with Judah. the wonder. Compare 2 Chronicles 32:24. 2 Kings 20:10, 2 Kings 20:11. Isaiah 38:7, Isaiah 38:8. goodness = kindnesses. Isaiah. See Isaiah 36-39. and in, or [following] upon. slept with his fathers. See note on Deuteronomy 31:16. Manasseh. This chapter is complementary to 2 Kings 21:11-17, concerning his reformation, are supplementary. See App-56. heathen = nations. children = sons. groves = ’Asheroth. See App-42. the host of heaven. Compare Deuteronomy 17:3. had said. In Deuteronomy 12:11. 1 Kings 8:29; 1 Kings 9:3. 1 Kings 6:6; 1 Kings 7:16. name. See note on Psalms 20:1. pass through the fire. Compare Leviticus 18:21. Deuteronomy 18:10. 2 Kings 23:10. 2 Kings 28:3. observed times. Consulted auguries. times = clouds, which were watched for auguries. familiar spirit. See note on Leviticus 19:31. evil = the evil. Hebrew. ra’a’ (with Art). App-44. idol = similitude. God. Hebrew. Elohim.(with Art.) = the [true] God. App-4. and = even. your. Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulg read "their". Compare 2 Kings 21:8. so that = if only. captains = princes. See note on "Gezer", 1 Kings 9:15-17. the king of Assyria. Esar-haddon. among the thorns = with hooks, or rings. A monument has been found showing this king Esar-haddon leading two captives with hooks or rings through their lips. And in an inscription he says: "I transported (from Syria) into Assyria men and women innumerable . . . I counted among the vassals of my realm twelve kings of Syria, beyond the mountains, Balou king of Tyre, Manasseh king of Judah". Israel. See note on 1 Kings 12:17. His prayer. Not recorded. That given in the Apocrypha not considered genuine. images. Same word as 2 Chronicles 33:22 and Deuteronomy 7:5. Always plural in O.T. the seers = the chozai. See note on 1 Chronicles 29:29. slept with his fathers. See note on Deuteronomy 31:16. in his own house. The Septuagint reads "in the garden of his own house". Compare 2 Kings 21:18. Amon. Compare 1 Kings 21:19-24. as = according as. but Amon = "but he Amon". trespassed more and more = he multiplied trespass. Hebrew. ’asham. the People of the land = the commonalty. Compare 2 Chronicles 36:1. Josiah. These two chapters are complementary to 2 Kings 22:1, 2 Kings 23:30. See App-56. declined = turned aside or swerved. he began. Doubtless Zephaniah and Jeremiah were used in influencing Josiah. Both prophesied during his reign. Zephaniah began in first year of Josiah; Jeremiah in his thirteenth year, i.e. in 510. groves = ’Asherim. See App-42. carved images. Same as Deuteronomy 7:5. brake down. Note the Figure of speech Synonymia (App-6), by which the words are heaped together to impress us with the thoroughness of the work: e.g. "brake down", "cut down", "brake in pieces", "made dust of them", "strowed it", and "burnt". graves. Hebrew. keber = a burial place, from kabar, to bury (Genesis 23:4, Genesis 23:20, &c). Primary idea is heaping up a tumulus. Keber = a grave; Sheol = the grave. See App-35. burnt the bones. Thus fulfilling 1 Kings 13:2. with their mattocks: or, in their ruins. he sent. This is supplementary to 2 Kings 22:3. to repair. This had been done before by Joash (2 Kings 12:4-15). all that could skill = all that had understanding, or ability. Also. Some think this should be omitted with the italics "they were" and "were". found a book of the law. Without doubt the book which Moses himself wrote, the original copy of the Pentateuch. Compare 2 Kings 22:8, and see App-47. by = by the hand of. to = to the hand of. gathered together. Hebrew poured out, or melted down. given me = given to me. Abdon: or Achbor. Compare 2 Kings 22:12. See note on 1 Chronicles 25:11. the word. Some codices, with Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate, read "the words". had appointed. The Septuagint reads "named"; the Syriac reads "sent". college: or second quarter [of the city]. saith = hath said. written in the book. See note on 2 Chronicles 34:14; 2 Chronicles 35:12, and App-47. works. Some codices, with one early printed edition and Syriac, read "workmanship". Compare 2 Kings 22:17. My wrath shall be poured out. Hebrew text reads "that My wrath might be poured out". Some codices, with nine early printed editions and Septuagint, read "My wrath hath been poured out". His words. Some codices, with Septuagint, read "My words". gather thee to thy fathers. This is explained by the next sentence. See note on 2 Samuel 12:23. gathered to thy grave. Figure of speech Euphemismos (App-6), for dying. evil. Hebrew. ra’a’. App-44. the Levites. And prophets (2 Kings 23:2). stood in his place; or stood on his stand. Figure of speech Polyptoton (App-6). a = the. soul. Hebrew. nephesh. App-13. present = found. took away. Compare 1 Kings 23:4-8. children = sons. serve, even to serve. Figure of speech Epizeuxis. all his days. Significant words, showing that in their hearts the people were still inclined to worship other gods, as Jeremiah testifies (Jeremiah 25:3. See also Jeremiah 11 and Jeremiah 13. Josiah. This passover kept in the eighteenth year of his reign (2 Kings 23:21-23). kept a passover. One of the ten observances recorded. See note on Exodus 12:28. fourteenth day. In this respect it was unlike Hezekiah’s. Compare 2 Chronicles 30:2, 2 Chronicles 30:3; 2 Kings 23:22, 2 Kings 23:23. he set the priests, &c. This passover is interesting from the succinct description of its observance. that taught all Israel. This was the great and special duty of the priests and Levites. But they neglected it for their ritual, as too many priests have done from that day to this. See notes on Deuteronomy 33:10; Deuteronomy 17:11, &c. all Israel. Not Judah only. holy. See note on Exodus 3:5. Put the holy ark. It had probably been removed during the reparation of the Temple. the holy ark = the Sanctuary’s Ark. See note on Exodus 25:22 and 1 Chronicles 13:3. God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4. the writing of David. Compare 1 Chronicles 28:19; 1 Chronicles 29:25, 1 Chronicles 29:27, 1 Chronicles 29:30. the writing of Solomon. Compare 2 Chronicles 8:14. divisions. The word occurs only here. the families = the houses. the People = the sons of the People: i.e. the common people. by the hand Of Moses. This is Divine testimony as to the authorship of the Pentateuch (Ex. 12). Hilkiah. The high priest (2 Chronicles 34:9). God. Hebrew. Elohim.(with Art.) = the [true] God. App-4. Shemaiah . . . Jozabad. Compare 2 Chronicles 31:12-15. they: i.e. the Levites. offer = bring near. Hebrew. karab. App-43. the book of Moses: i.e. Exodus. See App-47. sod = boiled. afterward. Contrast Ezekiel 34. offering = offering up. Hebrew. ’alah. See App-43. David, and Asaph. Compare 1 Chronicles 25:1; 1 Chronicles 6:33, 1 Chronicles 6:39, 1 Chronicles 6:44. seer. See notes on Judges 9:9. 1 Chronicles 29:29. they might not: or they need not. children = sons. no passover like to that. Compare 2 Kings 23:22. No discrepancy with Hezekiah’s passover (2 Chronicles 30:26); none like Hezekiah’s till then. This, of Josiah’s, was later, and exceeded it. kept. The Septuagint Version adds here [with a colon after kept]: " : after all these things that Josiah did in the house, who also burnt those who had familiar spirits, and the wizards, and the images, and the idols, and the sodomites, which were in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, that lie might confirm the words of the law that were written in the book which Hilkiah the priest had found in the house of the LORD. There was no one like him before him. who turned to the LORD with all his heart, and all his soul, and all his strength, according to all the law of Moses, and after him there rose up none like him. Nevertheless the LORD turned not from the anger of His great wrath, wherewith the LORD was greatly angry against Judah, for all the provocations wherewith Manasseh provoked Him. And the LORD said: ’I shall even remove Judah also from My presence, as I have removed Israel; and I have rejected the city which I chose, even Jerusalem, and the house of which I said, ’My Name shall be there. ’ ’ " After all this. Thirteen years after. temple = house. Necho. Called also Pharaoh-necho. Said to be the founder of the twentyfifth dynasty, about the thirty-fifth year of Manasseh: i.e. in 553 B.C. against = at. Charchemish = the fortress of Chemosh). Pharaohnecho’s object was to share the spoils of the falling empire of Assyria. Nineveh was taken 607 B.C. Compare Jeremiah 46:2. he. Pharaoh-necho. disguised himself. As Ahab had done (2 Chronicles 18:29. 1 Kings 22:30). Megiddo. Compare 2 Kings 23:29. sepulchres = graves. Hebrew. keber, as in 2 Chronicles 34:4. Jeremiah lamented. This does not refer to the book of that name (Lamentations), though Josiah is referred to in it (Lamentations 4:20 and Jeremiah 22:10-18). Compare Zechariah 12:11. 2 Kings 23:31.