Homily LXXVII.
Matt. XXIV. 33, 34
.
“Now learn a parable of the fig tree; when his
branch is yet tender, and putteth forth leaves, ye know that summer is
nigh: so likewise ye, when ye shall see all these things, know that it
is near, even at the doors.”
2806
Forasmuch
as He had said,
“Immediately after the tribulation of those days;” but they
sought of this, after how long a time it should be, and desired to know
in particular the very day, therefore He puts also the similitude of
the fig tree, indicating that the interval was not great, but that in
quick succession would occur His advent also. And this He declared not
by the parable alone, but by the words that follow, saying, “know
that it is near, even at the doors.”
2807
Whereby He foretells another thing also, a spiritual
summer, and a calm that should be on that day (after the present
tempest) for the righteous; but to the sinners the contrary, winter
after summer, which He declares in what follows, saying, that the day
shall come upon them, when they are living in luxury.
But not for this intent only did He put forward this
about the fig tree, in order to declare the interval; for it was
possible to have set this before them in other ways as well; but that
he might hereby also confirm His saying, as assuredly thus to come to
pass. For as this
of the fig tree
is of necessity, so that too.
For thus, wherever He is minded to speak of that which will assuredly
come to pass, He brings forward the necessary courses of nature, both
Himself, and the blessed Paul imitating Him. Therefore also when
speaking of His resurrection, He saith, “When the corn of wheat
hath fallen into the earth, except it die, it abideth alone; but if it
die, it bringeth forth much fruit.”
2808
Whereby also the blessed Paul being instructed uses the same
similitude,
2809
“Thou fool,” he saith, “that which thou sowest is not
quickened, except it die.”
2810
After this, that they might not straightway return to it
again, and say, “When?” he brings to their remembrance the
things that had been said, saying, “Verily I say unto you, This
generation shall not pass, till all these things be
fulfilled!”
2811
All these things. What things? I pray thee. Those about Jerusalem,
those about the wars, about the famines, about the pestilences, about
the earthquakes, about the false Christs, about the false prophets,
about the sowing of the gospel everywhere, the seditions, the tumults,
all the other things, which we said were to occur until His coming. How
then, one may ask, did He say, “This generation?” Speaking
not of the generation then living, but of that of the believers. For He
is wont to distinguish a generation not by times only,
but also by the mode of religious service, and
practice; as when He saith, “This is the generation of them that
seek the Lord.”
2812
For what He said above, “All these must come to
pass,”
2813
and again, “the gospel shall be preached,”
2814
this He declares here also, saying, All these things shall surely come
to pass, and the generation of the faithful shall remain, cut off by
none of the things that have been mentioned. For both Jerusalem shall
perish, and the more part of the Jews shall be destroyed, but over this
generation shall nothing prevail, not famine, not pestilence, not
earthquake, nor the tumults of wars, not false Christs, not false
prophets, not deceivers, not traitors, not those that cause to offend,
not the false brethren, nor any other such like temptation
whatever.
Then to lead them on more in faith, He saith,
“Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass
away;”
2815
that is, it were more easy for these firm, fixed, and immoveable bodies
to be blotted out, than for ought of my words to fall to the ground.
And he who gainsays these things, let him test His sayings, and when he
hath found them true (for so he surely will find them) from what is
past, let him believe also the things to come, and let him search out
all things with diligence, and he will see the actual events bearing
witness to the truth of the prophecy. And the elements He hath brought
forward, at once to declare, that the church is of more honor than
Heaven and earth, and at the same time to indicate Himself by this also
to be maker of all. For since He was speaking of the end, a thing
disbelieved by many, He brought forward Heaven and earth, indicating
His unspeakable power, and showing with great authority, that He is
Lord of all, and by these things rendering His sayings deserving of
credit, even with those who are much given to doubt.
“But of that day and hour knoweth no man, no, not
the angels of Heaven,
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neither the Son,
2817
but the Father.” By saying, not the angels, He stopped their
mouths, that they should not seek to learn what these angels know not;
and by saying, “neither the Son,” forbids them not only to
learn, but even to inquire. For in proof that therefore He said this,
see after His resurrection, when He saw they were become over curious,
how He stopped their mouths more decidedly. For now indeed He hath
mentioned infallible signs, many and endless; but then He saith merely,
“It is not for you to know times or seasons.” And then that
they might not say, we are driven to perplexity, we are utterly
scorned, we are not held worthy so much as of this, He says,
“which the Father hath put in His own power.”
2818
And this, because He was exceedingly careful to honor them, and to
conceal nothing from them. Therefore He refers it to His Father, both
to make the thing awful, and to exclude that of which He had spoken
from their inquiry. Since if it be not this, but He is ignorant of it,
when will He know it? Will it be together with us? But who would say
this? And the Father He knoweth clearly, even as clearly as He knoweth
the Son; and of the day is He ignorant? Moreover, “the Spirit
indeed searcheth even the deep things of God,”
2819
and doth not He know so much as the time of the judgment? But how He
ought to judge He knoweth, and of the secrets of each He hath a full
perception; and what is far more common than that, of this could He be
ignorant? And how, if “all things were made by Him, and without
Him was not even one thing made,”
2820
was He ignorant of the day? For He who made the worlds,
2821
it is quite plain that He made the times also; and if the times, even
that day. How then is He ignorant of that which He made?
2. And ye indeed say that ye know even His
substance,
2822
but that the Son not even the day, the Son, who is always in the bosom
of the Father; and yet His substance is much greater than the days,
even infinitely greater. How then, while assigning to yourselves the
greater things, do you not allow even the less to the Son, “in
whom are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge.”
2823
But neither do you know what God is in His substance, though ten
thousand times ye talk thus madly, neither is the Son ignorant of the
day, but is even in full certainty thereof.
For this cause, I say, when He had told all things, both
the times and the seasons, and had brought it to the very doors
(“for it is near,” He saith, “even at the
doors”), He was silent as to the day. For if thou seek after the
day and hour, thou shalt not hear them of me, saith He; but if of times
and preludes, without hiding anything, I will tell thee all
exactly.
For that indeed I am not ignorant of it, I have shown by
many things; having mentioned intervals, and all the things that are to
occur, and how short from this present time until the day itself (for
this did the parable of the fig tree indicate), and I lead thee to the
very vestibule; and if I do not open unto thee the doors, this also I
do for your good.
And that thou mayest learn by another thing also, that
the silence is not a mark of ignorance on His part, see, together with
what we have mentioned, how He sets forth another sign also. “But
as in the days of Noe they were eating and drinking, marrying and
giving in marriage, until the day that the flood came, and took all
away; so shall also the coming of the Son of Man be.”
2824
And these things He spake, showing that He should come on a sudden, and
unexpectedly, and when the more part were living luxuriously. For Paul
too saith this, writing on this wise, “When they shall speak of
peace and safety, then sudden destruction cometh upon them;” and
to show how unexpected, He said, “as travail upon a woman with
child.”
2825
How then doth He say, “after the tribulation of those
days?” For if there be luxury then, and peace, and safety, as
Paul saith, how doth He say, “after the tribulation of those
days?” If there be luxury, how is there tribulation? Luxury for
them that are in a state of insensibility and peace. Therefore He said
not, when there is peace, but “when they speak of peace and
safety,” indicating their insensibility to be such as of those in
Noah’s time, for that amid such evils they lived in luxury.
But not so the righteous, but they were passing their
time in tribulation and dejection. Whereby He shows, that when
Antichrist is come, the pursuit of unlawful pleasures shall be more
eager among the transgressors, and those that have learnt to despair of
their own salvation. Then shall be gluttony, then revellings, and
drunkenness. Wherefore also most of all He puts forth an example
corresponding to the thing. For like as when the ark was making, they
believed not, saith He; but while it was set in the midst of them,
proclaiming beforehand the evils that are to come, they, when they saw
it, lived in pleasure, just as though nothing dreadful were about to
take place; so also now, Antichrist indeed shall appear, after whom is
the end, and the punishments at the end, and vengeance intolerable; but
they that are held by the intoxication of wickedness shall not so much
as perceive the dreadful nature of the things that are on the point of
being done. Wherefore also Paul saith, “as travail upon a woman
with child,” even so shall those fearful and incurable evils come
upon them.
And wherefore did He not speak of the ills in Sodom? It
was His will to introduce an example embracing all men,
2826
and disbelieved after it was foretold. So therefore, as by the more
part the things to come are disbelieved, He confirms those things by
the past, terrifying their minds. And together with the points I have
mentioned, He shows this also, that of the former things also He was
the doer. Then again He sets another sign, by all which things He makes
it evident, that He is not ignorant of the day. And what is the sign?
“Then shall two be in the field; one shall be taken, and one
left. Two women shall be grinding at the mill, one shall be taken, and
one left. Watch therefore, for ye know not what hour your Lord doth
come.”
2827
And all these things are both proofs that He knew, and calculated to
turn them from their inquiry. So for this cause He spake also of the
days of Noe, for this cause He said too, “Two shall be on the
bed,” signifying this, that He should come upon them thus
unexpectedly, when they were thus without thought, and “two women
grinding at the mill,” which also of itself is not the employment
of them that are taking thought.
And together with this, He declares that as well
servants as masters should be both taken and left, both those who are
at ease, and those in toil, as well from the one rank as from the
other; even as in the Old Testament He saith, “From him that
sitteth upon the throne to the captive woman that is at the
mill.”
2828
For since He had said, that hardly are the rich saved, He shows that
not even these are altogether lost, neither are the poor saved all of
them, but both out of these and out of those are men saved, and
lost.
And to me He seems to declare, that at night will be the
advent. For this Luke too saith.
2829
Seest thou how accurately He knows all things?
After this again, that they may not ask about it, He
added, “Watch therefore, for ye know not what hour your Lord doth
come.”
2830
He said not, “I know not,” but, “ye know not.”
For when He had brought
them well
nigh to the very hour, and had placed them there, again He deters them
from the inquiry, from a desire that they should be striving always.
Therefore He saith, “Watch,” showing that for the sake of
this, He did not tell it.
“But know this, that if the good man of the house
had known in what watch the thief would come, he would have watched,
and would not have suffered his house to be broken up. Therefore be ye
also ready, for in such an hour as ye think not the Son of Man
cometh.”
2831
For this intent He tells them not, in order that they
may watch, that they may be always ready; therefore He saith, When ye
look not for it, then He will come, desiring that they should be
anxiously waiting, and continually in virtuous action.
But His meaning is like this: if the common sort of men
knew when they were to die, they would surely strive earnestly at that
hour.
3. In order therefore that they may strive, not at that
hour only, therefore He tells them not either the common hour, or the
hour of each, desiring them to be ever looking for this, that they may
be always striving. Wherefore He made the end of each man’s life
also uncertain.
After this, He openly calls Himself Lord, having nowhere
spoken so distinctly. But here He seems to me also to put to shame the
careless, that not even as much care as they that expect a thief have
taken for their money, not even this much do these take for their own
soul. For they indeed, when they expect it, watch, and suffer none of
the things in their house to be carried off; but ye, although knowing
that He will come, and come assuredly, continue not watching, saith He,
and ready so as not to be carried away hence unprepared. So that the
day cometh unto destruction for them that sleep. For as that man, if he
had known, would have escaped, so also ye, if ye be ready, escape
free.
Then, as He had fallen upon the mention of the judgment,
He directs His discourse to the teachers next, speaking of punishment
and honors; and having put first them that do right, He ends with them
that continue in sin, making His discourse to close with that which is
alarming.
Wherefore He first saith this, “Who then is the
faithful and wise servant, whom his Lord shall set over
2832
His household to give them their meat in their
2833
due season? Blessed is that servant, whom his Lord when He cometh shall
find so doing. Verily I say unto you, that He shall make him ruler over
all His goods.”
2834
Tell me, is this too the language of one who is in
ignorance? For if because He said, “neither doth the Son
know,” thou sayest He is ignorant of it; as He saith, “who
then?” what wilt thou say? Wilt thou say He is ignorant of this
too? Away with the thought. For not even one of them that are frantic
would say this. And yet in the former case one might assign a cause;
but here not even this. And what when He said, “Peter, lovest
thou me?”
2835
asking it, knew He not so much as this? nor when He said, “Where
have ye laid him?”
2836
And the Father too will be found to be saying such
things. For He Himself likewise saith, “Adam, where art
thou?”
2837
and, “The cry of Sodom and Gomorrah is waxed great before me. I
will go down therefore, and see whether their doings be according to
their cry which cometh unto me, and if not, I will know.”
2838
And elsewhere He saith, “Whether they will hear, whether they
will understand.”
2839
And in the gospel too, “It may be they will reverence my
Son:”
2840
all which are expressions of ignorance. But not in ignorance did He say
these things, but as compassing objects such as became Him: in the case
of Adam, that He might drive him to make an excuse for his sin: in that
of the Sodomites, that He might teach us never to be positive, till we
are present at the very deeds; in that of the prophet, that the
prediction might not appear in the judgment of the foolish a kind of
compulsion to disobedience; and in the parable in the gospel, that He
might show that they ought to have done this, and to have reverenced
the Son: but here, as well that they may not be curious, nor over busy
again, as that He might indicate that this was a rare and precious
thing. And see of what great ignorance this saying is indicative, if at
least He know not even him that is set over. For He blesses him indeed,
“For blessed,” saith He, “is that servant;” but
He saith not who this is. “For who is he,” He saith,
“whom His Lord shall set over?” and, “Blessed is he
whom He shall find so doing.”
But these things are spoken not of money
only, but also of speech, and of power, and of
gifts, and of every stewardship, wherewith each is entrusted. This
parable would suit rulers in the state also, for every one is bound to
make full use of what he hath for the common advantage. If it be wisdom
thou hast, if power, if wealth, if what it may, let it not be for the
hurt of thy fellow-servants, neither for thine own ruin. For this
cause, therefore, He requires both things of him, wisdom, and fidelity:
for sin arises from folly also. He calls him faithful then, because he
hath purloined nothing, neither misspent his Lord’s goods without
aim or fruit; and wise, because he knew how to dispense the things
given him, according as was fit. For indeed we have need of both
things, as well not to purloin the goods of our Master, as also to
dispense them as is fit. But if the one be wanting, the other halteth.
For if he be faithful and steal not, yet were to waste and to spend
upon that which concerned him not, great were the blame; and if he
should know how to dispense it well, yet were to purloin, again there
is no common charge against him.
And let us also that have money listen to these things.
For not unto teachers only doth He discourse, but also unto the rich.
For either sort were entrusted with riches; those that teach with the
more necessary wealth, ye with what is inferior. When then at the time
that the teachers are scattering abroad the greater, ye are not willing
to show forth your liberality even in the less, or rather not
liberality but honesty (for ye give the things of another), what excuse
will you have? But now, before the punishment of them that do the
contrary things, let us hear the honor of him that approveth himself.
“For verily I say unto you, He will set him over all His
goods.”
What can be equal to this honor? what manner of speech
will be able to set forth the dignity, the blessedness, when the King
of Heaven, He that possesseth all things, is about to set a man over
“all His goods?” Wherefore also He calleth him wise,
because he knew, not to give up great things for small, but having been
temperate here, hath attained to Heaven.
4. After this, as He ever doth, not by the honor only
laid up for the good, but also by the punishment threatened against the
wicked, doth He correct the hearers. Wherefore also He added,
“But and if the evil servant say in his heart, my Lord delayeth
His coming; and shall begin to smite his fellow servants, and shall eat
and drink with the drunken: the Lord of that servant shall come in a
day when he looketh not for Him, and in an hour that he is not aware
of,
2841
and shall cut him asunder,
2842
and shall appoint him his portion with the hypocrites: there shall be
weeping and gnashing of teeth.”
2843
But if any one should say, Seest thou what a thought
hath entered into his mind, because of the day’s not being known,
“my Lord,” he saith, “delayeth His coming?” we
should affirm, that it was not because the day is not known, but
because the servant is evil. Else wherefore came not this thought into
the heart of the faithful and wise servant. For what, even though the
Lord tarry, O wretched man, surely thou lookest that He will come. Why
then dost thou not take care?
Hence then we learn, that He doth not so much as tarry.
For this judgment is not the Lord’s, but that of the evil
servant’s mind, wherefore also he is blamed for this. For in
proof that He doth not tarry, hear Paul saying, “The Lord is at
hand, be careful for nothing;”
2844
and, “He that cometh will come, and will not tarry.”
2845
But do thou hear also what followeth, and learn how
continually He reminds them of their ignorance of the day, showing that
this is profitable to the servants, and fitted to waken and thoroughly
to rouse them. For what though some gained nothing hereby? For neither
by other things profitable for them were some profited, but
nevertheless He ceaseth not to do His part.
What then is the purport of that which followeth?
“For He shall come in a day when he looketh not for Him, and in
an hour that he is not aware of;”
2846
and shall inflict upon him extreme punishment. Seest thou how even
everywhere He puts this, the fact of their ignorance, indicating that
it was profitable, and by this making them always earnest minded? For
this is the point at which He labors, that we should be always on the
watch; and since it is always in luxury that we are supine, but in
afflictions we are braced up, therefore everywhere He saith this, that
when there is relaxation, then come the terrors. And as further back He
showed this by the example of Noah, even so here He saith it is, when
that servant is drunken, when he is beating, and that his punishment
shall be intolerable.
But let us not regard only the punishment appointed for
him, but let us look to this other point too, lest we ourselves also be
un
awares to ourselves doing the
same things. For to this servant are they like, who have money, and
give not to the needy. For thou too art steward of thine own
possessions, not less than he who dispenses the alms of the church. As
then he has not a right to squander at random and at hazard the things
given by you for the poor, since they were given for the maintenance of
the poor; even so neither mayest thou squander thine own. For even
though thou hast received an inheritance from thy father, and hast in
this way all thou possessest: even thus all are God’s. And then
thou for thy part desirest that what thou hast given should be thus
carefully dispensed, and thinkest thou not that God will require His
own of us with greater strictness, or that He suffers them to be wasted
at random? These things are not, they are not so. Because for this end,
He left these things in thine hand, in order “to give them their
meat in due season.” But what meaneth, “in due
season?” To the needy, to the hungry. For like as thou gavest to
thy fellow-servant to dispense, even so doth the Lord will thee too to
spend these things on what is needful. Therefore though He was able to
take them away from thee, He left them, that thou mightest have
opportunity to show forth virtue; that bringing us into need one of
another, He might make our love for one another more fervent.
But thou, when thou hast received, so far from giving,
dost even beat. And yet if not to give be blame, what excuse is there
for beating? But this, it seems to me, He speaks, hinting at the
insolent, and the covetous, and indicating the charge to be heavy, when
they beat them, whom they were commanded to feed.
5. But He seemeth to be here hinting also at those that
live in luxury, since for luxury too there is laid up a great
punishment. “For He eateth and drinketh,” it is said,
“with the drunken,” pointing at gluttony. For not for this
purpose didst thou receive, that thou should spend it on luxury, but
that thou shouldest lay it out on alms. What! are they thine own things
which thou hast? With the goods of the poor hast thou been entrusted,
though thou be possessed of them by honest labor, or though it be by
inheritance from thy father. What, could not God have taken away these
things from thee? But He doth not this, to give thee power to be
liberal to the poor.
But mark thou, I pray thee, how throughout all the
parables He punishes them that lay not out their money upon the needy.
For neither had the virgins robbed other men’s goods, but they
had not given their own; neither had he that buried the one talent
embezzled, but he had not doubled; neither are they that overlooked the
hungry punished, because they seized the possessions of others, but
because they did not lay out their own, like as also this servant.
Let us hearken, as many as please the belly, as many as
lay out on costly banquets the riches that pertain not at all to us,
but belong to the needy. For do not, because out of great love to man
thou art commanded to give as of thine, therefore suppose these things
to be indeed thine own. He lent them to thee, that thou mightest be
able to approve thyself. Do not then suppose them to be thine, when
giving Him His own. For neither, if thou hadst lent to any one, that he
might go and be able to find means of gain, wouldest thou say the money
was his. To thee then also hath God given, that thou mightest traffic
for Heaven. Make not then the exceeding greatness of His love to man a
cause of ingratitude.
Consider of what prayer it were a worthy object, to be
able to find after baptism a way to do away one’s sins. If He had
not said this, Give alms, how many would have said, Would it were
possible to give money, and so be freed from the ills to come! But
since this hath become possible, again are they become supine.
“But I give,” thou sayest. And what is this?
Thou hast not yet given as much as she, who cast in the two mites; or
rather not so much as the half, nor a very small part of what she gave,
but thou layest out the greater part on useless expenses, on banquets,
and drunkenness, and extreme extravagance; now bidding, now bidden; now
spending, now constraining others to spend; so that the punishment is
even rendered twofold for thee, both from what thyself doest, and what
thou movest others to do. See at any rate how He Himself blames His
servant for this. “For he eateth,” He saith, “and
drinketh with the drunken.” For not the drunken only, but those
that are with them, doth He punish, and very fitly, because (together
with corrupting their own selves) they make light also of the salvation
of others. But nothing does so much provoke God, as for us to be
inclined to overlook the things that concern our neighbor. Wherefore
showing His anger, He commands him to be cut asunder. Therefore He also
affirmed love to be a distinguishing mark of His disciples, since it is
altogether necessary that he who loveth should take thought for the
things of his beloved.
To this way then let us hold, for this is especially the
way that leads up to Heaven, which renders men followers of Christ,
which makes them, as far as possible, like God. See at any rate how
these virtues are more needful, which have their dwelling by this way.
And, if ye will, let us make an inquiry into them, and let us bring
forth the sentences from the judgment of God.
Let there be then two ways of most holy life, and let
the one secure the goodness of him that practises it, but the other of
his neighbor also. Let us see whether is the more approved and leads us
to the summit of virtue. Surely he, who seeks his own things only, will
receive even from Paul endless blame, and when I say from Paul, I mean
from Christ, but the other commendations and crowns. Whence is this
evident? Hear what His language is to one, what to the other.
“Let no man seek his own, but every man another’s
wealth.”
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Seest thou he rejects the one, and brings in the other? Again,
“Let every one of you please his neighbor for good to
edification.” Then comes also the praise beyond words with an
admonition, “For even Christ pleased not Himself.”
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Even these judgments then are sufficient to show the
victory; but that this may be done even superabundantly, let us see
amongst good works, which are confined to ourselves, and which pass
over from us to others also. Fasting then, and lying on the bare
ground, and keeping virginity, and a self-denying life, these things
bring their advantage to the persons themselves who do them; but those
that pass from ourselves to our neighbors are almsgiving, teaching,
charity. Hear then Paul in this matter also saying, “Though I
bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be
burned, and have not charity, I am nothing profited.”
2849
6. Seest thou it in itself gloriously celebrated, and
crowned?
But if ye be willing, from a third point also let us
compare them; and let the one fast, and deny himself, and be a martyr,
and be burnt to death, but let another delay his martyrdom for his
neighbor’s edification; and let him not only delay it, but let
him even depart without martyrdom; who will be the more approved after
his removal hence? We need not have many words, nor a long
circumlocution. For the blessed Paul is at hand, giving his judgment,
and saying, “To depart and to be with Christ is better,
nevertheless to abide in the flesh is more needful for you;”
2850
even to his removal unto Christ did he prefer his neighbor’s
edification. For this is in the highest sense to be with Christ, even
to be doing His will, but nothing is so much His will, as that which is
for one’s neighbor’s good.
Wilt thou that I tell thee a fourth proof also of these
things? “Peter, lovest thou me,” saith He; “Feed my
sheep:”
2851
and having asked him a third time, declared this to be an infallible
proof of love. But not to priests only is this said, but to every one
of us also, who are also entrusted with a little flock. For do not
despise it, because it is a little flock: For “my Father,”
He saith, “hath pleasure in them.”
2852
Each of us hath a sheep, let him lead that to the proper pastures. And
let the man, as soon as he has risen from his bed, seek after nothing
else, but how he may do and say something whereby he may render his
whole house more reverent. The woman again, let her be indeed a good
housekeeper; but before attending to this, let her have another more
needful care, that the whole household may work the works of Heaven.
For if in worldly matters, before attending to the affairs of our
household, we labor diligently to pay public dues, that we may not for
our undutifulness in these matters be beaten and dragged to the market
places, and suffer ten thousand unseemly things; much more ought we to
do this in things spiritual, and to render what is due to God, the King
of all, first, that we may not come to that place, “where is
gnashing of teeth.”
And after these virtues let us seek, which together with
our own salvation will be able in the greatest degree to profit our
neighbor. Such is almsgiving, such is prayer, or rather even this
latter is by the former made efficacious, and furnished with wings.
“For thy prayers,” it is said, “and thine alms are
come up for a memorial before God.”
2853
But not prayers only, but fasting also hath its strength from hence.
Shouldest thou fast without almsgiving; the act is not so much as
counted for fasting; but such a one is worse than a gluttonous man and
a drunkard; and so much worse, as cruelty is a more grievous thing than
luxury. And why do I speak of fasting? Though thou practise
self-denial, though thou practise virginity, thou art set without the
bridechamber, if thou hast not almsgiving. And yet what is equal to
virginity, which not even in the new dispensation hath come under the
compulsion of law, on account of its high excellence? but nevertheless
it is cast
out, when it hath not
almsgiving. But if virgins are cast out, because they have not this in
due abundance, who will be able without this to obtain pardon? There is
no man, but he must quite of necessity perish, who hath not this.
For, if in worldly matters no man lives for himself, but
artisan, and soldier, and husbandman, and merchant, all of them
contribute to the common good, and to their neighbor’s advantage;
much more ought we to do this in things spiritual. For this is most
properly to live: since he at least who is living for himself only, and
overlooking all others, is useless, and is not so much as a human
being, nor of our race.
What then, thou wouldest say, if I neglect my own
interests, while seeking after the good of the rest? It is not
possible, for one who seeks after the good of the rest to overlook his
own; for he who seeks after the good of the rest pains no man, but
pities all, helps them to the utmost of his powers; will rob no man,
will covet the goods of no man, will not steal, will not bear false
witness; will abstain from all wickedness, will apply himself to all
virtue, and will pray for his enemies, and do good to them that plot
against him, and will neither revile any, nor speak ill of them, though
he hear from them ten thousand evil things; but will speak the words of
the apostle: “Who is weak, and I am not weak? who is offended,
and I burn not?”
2854
But when looking to our own good, it is not quite sure that the good of
the rest will follow.
By all which things being persuaded that it is not
possible for one to be saved, who hath not looked to the common good,
and seeing this man that was cut asunder, and him that buried his
talent, let us choose this way, that we may also attain unto eternal
life, unto which God grant we may all attain, by the grace and love
towards man of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be glory, world without
end. Amen.
2806
[R.V., “Now from the fig-tree learn her
parable: when her branch is now become tender, and putteth forth its
leaves, ye know that the summer is nigh; even so ye also, when ye see
all these things, know ye that he (or, it) is nigh,
even
at the
doors.”]
2807
[The comment seems to imply a preference for the
interpretation: “it is nigh,”
i.e.,
the day of the
Lord’s coming.—R.]
2808
John xii.
24
.
2809
[A clause is omitted here: “reasoning with the
Corinthians about the resurrection.”—R.]
2810
1 Cor. xv.
36
.
2811
Matt. xxiv.
34
. [R.V., “pass
away” and “accomplished.”]
2812
Ps. xxiv.
6
.
2813
Matt. xxiv.
6
.
2814
Matt. xxiv.
14
.
2815
Matt. xxiv.
35
.
2816
[R.V., “no man, not even the angels of
heaven.”]
2817
Matt. xxiv. 36. Comp. Mark xiii. 32
. [The received text (and A.V.) omit
“neither the Son” in Matthew, but not in Mark. The R.V.,
with our best
mss
., inserts the phrase in
Matthew. The Fathers vary, but Chrysostom accepts it and comments upon
it. Still the last clause, as given above, agrees exactly with
Mark xiii. 32
, and differs from
Matt. xxiv. 36
.—R.]
2818
Acts i.
7
. [R.V., “set within
his own authority.”]
2819
1 Cor. ii.
10
.
2820
John i.
3
. [Literally rendered.]
2821
ανα
.
2822
Arians [The word
οσαν
, here used, was the current term
in the Arian controversy.—R.]
2823
Col. ii.
3
.
2824
Matt. xxiv.
38, 39
. [The passage is
abridged.]
2825
1 Thess. v.
3
.
2826
καθολικν
.
2827
Matt. xxiv.
40–42
. [The citation
agrees with the received text, except in the omission of the articles
in
verse
40
. R.V., “is
taken,” “ is left,” in
verses 40, 41
.—R.]
2828
Exod. xi.
5
. [LXX., both altered and
abridged.]
2829
Luke xvii.
34
.
2830
Matt. xxiv.
42
.
2831
Matt. xxiv.
43, 44
. [R.V., “if the
master of the house had known in what watch the thief was
coming,…to be broken through.…in an hour ye think
not,” etc.]
2832
[The future tense is peculiar to this citation, also
the addition of “their.”—R.]
2833
See last note.
2834
Matt. xxiv.
45–47
. [R.V.,
“that he will set him over all that he hath.” The
translator has made a similar change in
verse 45
.—R.]
2835
John xxi.
16
.
2836
John xi.
34
.
2837
Gen. iii.
9
.
2838
Gen. xviii.
20, 21
.
2839
Ezek. ii.
5
.
2840
Luke xx.
13
. [In Homily LXVIII. this
form of the saying is cited as occurring in
Matthew (xxi.
37)
.—R.]
2841
[R.V., “when he expecteth not, and in an hour
when he knoweth not.”]
2842
[R.V. margin, “severely scourge
him.”]
2843
Matt. xxiv.
48–51
. [The textual
variations are slight, and are indicated in the emendations of the A.V.
appearing in the above rendering.—R.]
2844
Phil. iv.
5, 6
.
2845
Heb. x.
37
.
2846
Matt. xxiv.
50
.
2847
1 Cor. x.
24
.
2848
Rom. xv. 2,
3
.
2849
1 Cor.
xiii. 3
.
2850
Philip. i.
23, 24
.
2851
John xxi.
15–17
.
2852
Luke xii.
32
.
2853
Acts x.
4
.
2854
2 Cor. xi.
29
.