2. You ask for the writings of
Dionysius; i.e. of
Alexandria. they did indeed
reach me, and a great many they were; but I have not the books with me,
and so have not sent them. My opinion is, however, as
follows. I do not admire everything that is written; indeed of
some things I totally disapprove. For it may be, that of the
impiety of which we are now hearing so much, I mean the Anomœan,
it is he, as far as I know, who first gave men the seeds. I do
not trace his so doing to any mental depravity, but only to his earnest
desire to resist Sabellius. I often compare him to a woodman
trying to straighten some ill-grown sapling, pulling so immoderately in
the opposite direction as to exceed the mean, and so dragging the plant
awry on the other side. This is very much what we find to be the
case with Dionysius. While vehemently opposing the impiety of the
Libyan, i.e.
Sabellius. Basil is the first writer who asserts his African
birth. In Ep. ccvii. he is “Sabellius the
Libyan.” His active life was Roman; his views popular in
the Pentapolis. he is carried away
unawares by his zeal into the opposite error. It would have been
quite sufficient for him to have pointed out that the Father and the
Son are not identical in substance, οὐ ταυτὸν
τῷ
ὑποκειμένῷ.
Aristotle, Metaph. vi. 3, 1, says, μάλιστα
δοκεῖ εἶναι
οὐσία τὸ
ὑποκείμενον
τὸ πρῶτον. On
the distinction between ὁμοούσιος and
ταυτὸν
τῷ
ὑποκειμένῳ, cf. Athan., Exp. Fid. ii., where the Sabellians
are accused of holding an υἱοπατώρ,
and Greg. Nyss answer to Eunomius, Second Book, p. 254 in Schaff
and Wace’s ed. Vide also Prolegg. to
Athan., p. xxxi. in this series. Epiphanius says of Noetus,
μονοτύπως
τον αὐτὸν
πατέρα καὶ
Υἱ& 232·ν καὶ
ἅγιον
πνεῦμα…ἡγσάμενος
(Hæres. lvii. 2) and of Sabellius, Δογματίζει
οὗτος καὶ οἱ
ἀπ᾽ αὐποῦ
Σαβελλιανοὶ
τὸν αὐτὸν
εἶναι
Πατέρα τὸν
αὐτὸν Υἱ&
232·ν τὸν
αὐτὸν εἶναι
ἅγιον
πνεῦμα, ὡς
εἶναι ἐν μιᾷ
ὑποστάσει
τρεῖς
ὀνομασίας.
(Hæres. lxii. i.) and thus to
score against the blasphemer. But, in order to win an
unmistakable and superabundant victory, he is not satisfied with laying
down a difference of hypostases, but must needs assert also difference
of substance, diminution of power, and variableness of glory. So
he exchanges one mischief for another, and diverges from the right line
of doctrine. In his writings he exhibits a miscellaneous
inconsistency, and is at one time to be found disloyal to the
homoousion, because of his opponent
Sabellius. who made a bad
use of it to the destruction of the hypostases, and at another
admitting it in his Apology to his namesake. Dionysius of
Rome. Besides this he uttered very
unbecoming words about the Spirit, separating Him from the Godhead, the
object of worship, and assigning Him an inferior rank with created and
subordinate nature. Such is the man’s character.