“If before the creation the Son was not a
generated being but a created being, οὐ γέννημα
ἀλλὰ
κτίσμα. The use of the
word γέννημα in this
book is one of the arguments alleged against its genuineness, for in
Book. II., Capp. 6, 7, and 8. Basil objects to it; but in the
same Book II., Cap. 32, he uses it apparently without objection in
the sentence ἐκ τοῦ
γεννήματος
νοῆσαι ῥ&
140·διον τοῦ
γεγεννηκότος
τὴν
φύσιν. Maran, Vit.
Bas. xliii. 7. He would have
been called first created and not firstborn. The
English word firstborn is not an exact rendering of the
Greek πρωτότοκος,
and in its theological use it may lead to confusion.
“Bear” and its correlatives in English are only used of
the mother. τίκτω (¶TEK. cf. Ger. Zeug.) is used
indifferently of both father and mother.
πρωτότοκος
is exactly rendered firstborn in Luke ii. 7; but first begotten,
as in A.V. Heb.
i. 6, and Rev. i. 5, more precisely renders the word
in the text, and in such passages as Ex. xiii. 2, and Psalm lxxxix. 28, which are Messianically
applied to the divine Word. So early as Clemens
Alexandrinus the only begotten and first begotten
had been contrasted with the first created, and highest
order of created being. With him may be compared
Tertullian, Adv. Prax. 7, Adv. Marc. v. 19,
Hippolytus, Hær. x. 33, Origen, C. Cels. vi.
47, 63, 64, In Ioann. 1, § 22 (iv. p. 21), xix.
§ 5 (p. 305), xxviii. § 14 (p. 392), Cyprian,
Test. ii. 1, Novatian, De Trin. 16. On the
history and uses of the word, see the exhaustive note of Bp.
Lightfoot on Col. i. 15.
If, because He is called first begotten of creation He is first created,
then because He is called first begotten of the dead Rev. i. 5.
He would be the first of the dead who died. If on the other hand
He is called first begotten of the dead because of His being the cause
of the resurrection from the dead, He is in the same manner called
first begotten of creation, because He is the cause of the bringing of
the creature from the non existent into being. If His being
called first begotten of creation indicates that He came first into
being then the Apostle, when he said, ‘all things were created by
Him and for Him’ Col. i. 16. ought to have added,
‘And He came into being first of all.’ But in saying
‘He is before all things,’ Col. i. 17. he
indicated that He exists eternally, while the creature came into
being. ‘Is’ in the passage in question is in harmony
with the words ‘In the beginning was the Word.’ John i. 1. It is urged that if the Son is first
begotten, He cannot be only begotten, and that there must needs be some
other, in comparison with whom He is styled first begotten. Yet,
O wise objector, though He is the only Son born of the Virgin Mary, He
is called her first born. For it is said, ‘Till she brought
forth her first born Son.’ Matt. i. 25. There
is therefore no need of any brother in comparison with whom He is
styled first begotten.
Jerome’s Tract on the Perpetual Virginity of the
Blessed Virgin appeared about 383, and was written at Rome in
the episcopate of Damasus (363–384). The work of
Helvidius which Jerome controverted was not published till about
380, and there can be no reference to him in the passage in the
text. Basil is contending against the general Arian inference,
rather than against any individual statement as to who the
“Brethren of the Lord” were. cf. also dub.
Hom. in Sanct. Christ. Gen. p. 600. Ed. Garn. On the
whole subject see Bp. Lightfoot, in his Ep. to the Galatians,
E. S. Ffoulkes in D.C.B. s.v. Helvidius, and Archdeacon
Farrar in his Life of Christ, chap. vii., who warmly supports
the Helvidian theory in opposition to the almost universal belief of
the early Church. Basil evidently has no more idea that
the ἕως οὗ of Matt. i. 25, implies anything as to events
subsequent to the τόκος than the author of
2
Sam. had when he said that
Michal had no child till (LXX. ἕως) the day
of her death, or St. Paul had that Christ’s reigning till
(ἄχρις οὗ) He had put all
enemies under His feet implied that He would not reign
afterwards. Too much importance must not be given to niceties
of usage in Hellenistic Greek, but it is a well-known distinction in
Attic Greek that πρίν
with the infinitive is employed where the action is not
asserted to take place, while it is used with the indicative of a
past fact. Had St. Matthew written
πρίν
συνῆλθον, the
Helvidians might have laid still greater stress than they did on
the argument from Matt.
i. 18, which St. Jerome
ridicules. His writing πρὶν ἢ
συνελθεῖν is
what might have been expected if he wished simply to assert that
the conception was not preceded by any cohabitation.