(ii) The Homilies on the Psalms as published
are seventeen in number; it has however been commonly held that the
second Homily on Ps. xxviii. is not genuine, but the composition of
some plagiarist. The Homily also on Ps. xxxvii. has been generally
objected to. These are omitted from the group of the Ben. Ed.,
together with the first on Ps. cxiv., and that on cxv.
Maran Vit. Bas.
xli. 4. thinks that none
of these orations shew signs of having been delivered in the
episcopate, or of having reference to the heresy of the
Pneumatomachi; two apparently point directly to the
presbyterate. In that on Ps. xiv. he speaks of an
ἀμεριμνία
which would better befit priest than the primate; on Ps.
cxiv. he describes himself as serving a particular church.
Both arguments seem a little far-fetched, and might be opposed on
plausible grounds. Both literal and allegorical
interpretations are given. If Basil is found expressing
himself in terms similar to those of Eusebius, it is no doubt
because both were inspired by Origen. cf.
Fessler, p. 512. The Homily on Psalm i. begins with
a partial quotation from 2 Tim. iii. 16, “All Scripture is
given by inspiration of God, and is profitable,” and goes
on, “and was composed by the Spirit to the end that all of
us men, as in a general hospital for souls, may choose each what
is best for his own cure.” For him, Scripture is
supreme. cf. Epp.
cv., clx. § 2, cxcviii. § 3, and cclxiv. §
4. As is
noticed on Hom. IX. See p.
101. of the
Hexæmeron, Basil is on the whole for the simpler sense.
But he was a student of Origen, and he well knows
how to use allegory when
he thinks fit.
“Origène sacrifiait tout au sens mystique
Eusèbe le faisait aller de pair avec le sens historique.
Comme lui St. Basile respecte scrupuleusement la lettre; mais comme
lui aussi, il voit sous la lettre tous les mystères du Nouveau
Testament et surtout des enseignements moraux. Les
différents caractères que présente son
interprétation sont un moyen presque infaillible de connaitre
la date des ses grands travaux exégétiques. Aussi ne
doit-on pas hésiter à assigner aux premiêres
années de sa retraite la composition du commentaire
d’Isaïe, dans lequel domine à peu près
exclusivement l’interpétation morale; à sa
prêtrese celle des homilies sur les Psaumes, où il donne
une égale importance au sens moral et au sens mystique, mais en
leur sacrifiant sans cesse le sens littéral; à son
épiscopat, enfin. l’Hexaméron, qui, sans
négliger les sens figurés, s’attache surtout à
donner une explication exacte de la lettre.” Fialon,
Et. Hist. p. 291. The theory is suggestive, but I am
not sure that the prevalence of the literal or of the allegorical is
not due less to the period of the composition than to the objects
the writer has in view. An example
may be observed in Letter VIII., p.
118. where there
is an elaborate allegorisation of the “times and the
seasons” of Acts i. 7. An instance of the
application of both systems is to be found in the Homily on Psalm
xxviii. (i.e. in A.V. xxix.). The LXX. Title
is Ψαλμὸς τᾥ
Δαυὶδ
ἐξοδίου
σκηνῆς, Psalmus David in
exitu e tabernaculo.” Primarily this is a
charge delivered to the priests and Levites on leaving their
sacred offices. They are to remember all that it is their
duty to prepare for the holy service. As they go out of the
Tabernacle the psalm tells them all that it behoves them to have
in readiness for the morrow, young rams (Ps. xxix. 1, LXX.), glory
and honour, glory for His name. “But to our minds, as
they contemplate high and lofty things, and by the aid of an
interpretation dignified and worthy of Holy Scripture make the Law
our own, the meaning is different. There is no question of
ram in flock, nor tabernacle fashioned of lifeless material, nor
departure from the temple. The tabernacle for us is this
body of ours, as the Apostle has told us in the words, ‘For
we that are in this tabernacle do groan.’ 2 Cor. v. 4. The departure from the temple is
our quitting this life. For this these words bid us be
prepared, bringing such and such things to the Lord, if the deeds
done here are to be a means to help us on our journey to the life
to come.”