Do you worship what you know or
what you do not know? If I answer, I worship what I know, they
immediately reply, What is the essence of the object of worship?
Then, if I confess that I am ignorant of the essence, they turn on me
again and say, So you worship you know not what. I answer that
the word to know has many meanings. We say that we know the
greatness of God, His power, His wisdom, His goodness, His providence
over us, and the justness of His judgment; but not His very
essence. The question is, therefore, only put for the sake of
dispute. For he who denies that he knows the essence does not
confess himself to be ignorant of God, because our idea of God is
gathered from all the attributes which I have enumerated. But
God, he says, is simple, and whatever attribute of Him you have
reckoned as knowable is of His essence. But the absurdities
involved in this sophism are innumerable. When all these high
attributes have been enumerated, are they all names of one
essence? And is there the same mutual force in His awfulness and
His loving-kindness, His justice and His creative power, His providence
and His foreknowledge, and His bestowal of rewards and punishments, His
majesty and His providence? In mentioning any one of these do we
declare His essence? If they say, yes, let them not ask if we
know the essence of God, but let them enquire of us whether we know God
to be awful, or just, or merciful. These we confess that we
know. If they say that essence is something distinct, let them
not put us in the wrong on the score of simplicity. For they
confess themselves that there is a distinction between the essence and
each one of the attributes enumerated. The operations are
various, and the essence simple, but we say that we know our God from
His operations, but do not undertake to approach near to His
essence. His operations come down to us, but His essence remains
beyond our reach.