Up to this time St. Basil is not seen to have
publicly taken an active part in the personal theological discussions
of the age; but the ecclesiastical world was eagerly disputing while he
was working in Pontus. Aetius, the uncompromising Arian, was
openly favoured by Eudoxius of Germanicia, who had appropriated the see
of Antioch in 357. This provoked the Semiarians to hold their
council at Ancyra in 358, when the Sirmian “Blasphemy” of
357 was condemned. The Acacians were alarmed, and manœuvred
for the division of the general council which Constantius was desirous
of summoning. Then came Ariminum, Nike, and Seleucia, in 359, and
“the world groaned to find itself Arian.” Deputations
from each of the great parties were sent to a council held under the
personal presidency of Constantius at Constantinople, and to one of
these the young deacon was attached. The date of the ordination
to this grade is unknown. On the authority of Gregory of
Nyssa i. Eunom. and
Philostorgius, iv. 12. it appears that
Basil accompanied his namesake of Ancyra and Eustathius of Sebaste
to the court, and supported Basil the bishop. Philostorgius
would indeed represent the younger Basil as championing the
Semiarian cause, though with some cowardice. οις
Βασίλειος
ἕτερος παρῆν
συνασπίζων
διακόνων ἔτι
τάξιν ἔχων,
δυνάμει μὲν
τοῦ λέγειν
πολλῶν
προφέρων, τῷ
δὲ τῆς γνώμης
ἀθάρσει πρὸς
τοὺς κοινοὺς
ὑποστελλομένους
ἀγῶνας. This is
unlike Basil. “This may be the Arian way of saying that St.
Basil withdrew from the Seleucian deputies when they yielded to the
Acacians.” Rev. C.F.H. Johnston, De. S. Scto. Int.
xxxvi. It may be concluded, with Maran,
that he probably stood forward stoutly for the truth, not only at
the capital itself, but also in the neighbouring cities of
Chalcedon and Heraclea. Ep. ccxxiii. §
5. But his
official position was a humble one, and his part in the
discussions and amid the intrigues of the council was only too
likely to be misrepresented by those with whom he did not agree,
and even misunderstood by his own friends. In 360 Dianius
signed the creed of Ariminum, brought to Cæsarea by George of
Laodicea; and thereby Basil was so much distressed as henceforward
to shun communion with his bishop. Ep. li. He left Cæsarea and betook
himself to Nazianzus to seek consolation in the society of his
friend. But his feelings towards Dianius were always
affectionate, and he indignantly repudiated a calumnious assertion
that he had gone so far as to anathematize him. Two years
later Dianius fell sick unto death and sent for Basil, protesting
that at heart he had always been true to the Catholic creed.
Basil acceded to the appeal, and in 362 once again communicated
with his bishop and old friend. Epp. viii. and
li. In the
interval between the visit to Constantinople and this
death-bed reconciliation, that form of error arose which was long
known by the name of Macedonianism, and which St. Basil was in
later years to combat with such signal success in the treatise
Of the Spirit. It combined disloyalty to the Spirit
and to the Son. But countervailing events were the
acceptance of the Homoousion by the Council of Paris, 360. Mansi, iii.
357–9. and the publication of Athanasius’
letters to Serapion on the divinity of the two Persons assailed.
To this period is referred the compilation by Basil of
the Moralia. ἠθικά. “Capita
moralia christiana, ex meris Novi Testamenti dictis contexta et
regulis lxxx. comprehensa.” Fab. Closely
connected with these are the Regulæ fusius tractatæ
(ὅροι κατὰ
πλάτος) lv., and the
Regulæ brevius tractatæ (ὅροι
κατ᾽
ἔπιτόμην)
cccxiii. (Migne, xxxi. pp. 890–1306) on which see
later.