2. In What Way the Logos is God. Errors to Be Avoided
on This Question.
We next notice John’s use of the article in these
sentences. He does not write without care in this respect, nor is
he unfamiliar with the niceties of the Greek tongue. In some
cases he uses the article, and in some he omits it. He adds the
article to the Logos, but to the name of God he adds it sometimes
only. He uses the article, when the name of God refers to the
uncreated cause of all things, and omits it when the Logos is named
God. Does the same difference which we observe between God with
the article and God without it prevail also between the Logos with it
and without it? We must enquire into this. As the God who
is over all is God with the article not without it, so “the
Logos” is the source of that reason (Logos) which dwells in every
reasonable creature; the reason which is in each creature is not, like
the former called
par excellence
The Logos. Now there are
many who are sincerely concerned about religion, and who fall here into
great perplexity. They are afraid that they may be proclaiming
two Gods, and their fear drives them into doctrines which are false and
wicked. Either they deny that the Son has a distinct nature of
His own besides that of the Father, and make Him whom they call the Son
to be God all but the name, or they deny the divinity of the Son,
giving Him a separate existence of His own, and making His sphere of
essence fall outside that of the Father, so that they are separable
from each other. To such persons we have to say that God on the
one hand is Very God (Autotheos, God of Himself); and so the Saviour
says in His prayer to the Father,
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“That
they may know Thee the only true God;” but that all beyond the
Very God is made God by participation in His divinity, and is not to be
called simply God (with the article), but rather God (without
article). And thus the first-born of all creation, who is the
first to be with God, and to attract to Himself divinity, is a being of
more exalted rank than the other gods beside Him, of whom God is the
God, as it is written,
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“The God of
gods, the Lord, hath spoken and called the earth.” It was
by the offices of the first-born that they became gods, for He drew
from God in generous measure that they should be made gods, and He
communicated it to them according to His own bounty. The true
God, then, is “The God,” and those who are formed after Him
are gods, images, as it were, of Him the prototype. But the
archetypal image, again, of all these images is the Word of God, who
was in the beginning, and who by being with God is at all times God,
not possessing that of Himself, but by His being with the Father, and
not continuing to be God, if we should think of this, except by
remaining always in uninterrupted contemplation of the depths of the
Father.
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John xvii. 3
.
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Ps. l. 1
.