127. Can they deny that the term
“οὐσία” is met with in
Scripture, when the Lord has spoken of bread, that is,
“ἐπιούσιος,” S. Matt. vi. 11. ἐπιούσιος="required
for our subsistence, proper for our sustenance.” See Alford
in loc. and Moses has written
“ὑμεῖς
ἔσεσθέ μοι
λαὸς
περιούσιος
”? Ex. xix. 6. What does
“οὐσία” mean, whence
comes the name, but from “οὖσα
ἀεί,” The derivation is
philologically incorrect, for οὐσία is formed upon the fem.
of the pres. part. of εἶναι, but for all that it
embodies a certain truth, inasmuch as οὐσία in its abstract use
denotes simple existence, without reference to conditions. “that which endures for
ever? For He Who is, and is for ever, is God; and
therefore the Divine Substance, abiding everlastingly, is called
οὐσία. Bread is
ἐπιούσιος,
because, taking the substance of abiding power from the substance of
the Word, it supplies this to heart and soul, for it is written:
“And bread strengtheneth man’s heart.” Ps. civ. 15. The term ἐπιούσιος
has a spiritual import, inasmuch as the life of the body,
supported by bread, is not all but should be subordinate to the
spiritual life—the healthy body to be the instrument and vehicle
of the healthy soul, for man’s real life (though he is not
apt to think it such) is not dependent on bread alone—his
whole existence is not material, though one side of it is.
St. Ambrose, however, seems rather disposed to overlook the physical
material bread (which we are certainly taught to pray for) for the sake
of the supra-sensible Bread of Heaven and Food of Angels.