“And God called the dry land earth; and the gathering together of the waters called He seas.” Gen. i. 10.  Why does Scripture say above that the waters were gathered together unto one place, and that the dry earth appeared?  Why does it add here the dry land appeared, and God gave it the name of earth?  It is that dryness is the property which appears to characterize the nature of the subject, whilst the word earth is only its simple name.  Just as reason is the distinctive faculty of man, and the word man serves to designate the being gifted with this faculty, so dryness is the special and peculiar quality of the earth.  The element essentially dry receives therefore the name of earth, as the animal who has a neigh for a characteristic cry is called a horse.  The other elements, like the earth, have received some peculiar property which distinguishes them from the rest, and makes them known for what they are.  Thus water has cold for its distinguishing property; air, moisture; fire, heat.  But this theory really applies only to the primitive elements of the world.  The elements which contribute to the formation of bodies, and come under our senses, show us these qualities in combination, and in the whole of nature our eyes and senses can find nothing which is completely singular, simple and pure.  Earth is at the same time dry and cold; water, cold and moist; air, moist and warm; fire, warm and dry.  It is by the combination of their qualities that the different elements can mingle.  Thanks to a common quality each of them mixes with a neighbouring element, and this natural alliance attaches it to the contrary element.  For example, earth, which is at the same time dry and cold, finds in cold a relationship which unites it to water, and by the means of water unites itself to air.  Water placed between the two, appears to give each a hand, and, on account of its double quality, allies itself to earth by cold and to air by moisture.  Air, in its turn, takes the middle place and plays the part of a mediator between the inimical natures of water and fire, united to the first by moisture, and to the second by heat.  Finally fire, of a nature at the same time warm and dry, is linked to air by warmth, and by its dryness reunites itself to the earth.  And from this accord and from this mutual mixture of elements, results a circle and an harmonious choir whence each of the elements deserves its name.  I have said this in order to explain why God has given to the dry land the name of earth, without however calling the earth dry.  It is because dryness is not one of those qualities which the earth acquired afterwards, but one of those which constituted its essence from the beginning.  Now that which causes a body to exist, is naturally antecedent to its posterior qualities and has a pre-eminence over them.  It is then with reason that God chose the most ancient characteristic of the earth whereby to designate it.