11. Whence came the polytheistic error of
the Greeks The early Creeds of the
Eastern Churches, like that which Eusebius of Cæsarea proposed at
Nicæa, expressly declare the unity of God, in opposition both to
the heathen Polytheism, and to the various heresies which introduced
two or more Gods. See below in this Lecture, §§
12–18; and compare Athan. (contra Gentes, § 6,
sqq.)? God has no
body: whence then the adulteries alleged among those who are by
them called gods? I say nothing of the transformations of Zeus
into a swan: I am ashamed to speak of his transformations into a
bull: for bellowings are unworthy of a god. The god of the
Greeks has been found an adulterer, yet are they not ashamed: for
if he is an adulterer let him not be called a god. They tell also
of deaths Clement of
Alexandria (Exhort. cap. ii. § 37), quotes a passage from a
hymn of Callimachus, implying the death of Zeus:
“For even thy tomb, O king,
The Cretans fashioned.”
Adonis, or “Thammuz yearly
wounded,” was said to live and die in alternate years., and falls By the word
“falls” (ἀποπτώσεις) Cyril evidently refers to the story of Hephæstus, or Vulcan, to
which Milton alludes (Paradise Lost, I. 740):—
“Men call’d him Mulciber, and how he
fell
From heaven they fabled, thrown by angry Jove
Sheer o’er the crystal battlements: from
morn
To noon he fell, from noon to dewy eve,
A summer’s day.”, and thunder-strokes The
“thunder-strokes” refer to “Titan heaven’s
first-born, With his enormous brood” (Par. Lost, I.
510). Cf. Virgil, Æn. vi.
580:—
“Hic genus antiquum Terræ, Titania pubes,
Fulmine dejecti fundo volvuntur in imo.”
Ibid. v. 585:—
“Vidi et crudeles dantem Salmonea pœnas,
Dum flammas Jovis et sonitus imitatur Olympi.”
Clem. Alex. (Exhort. II.
§ 37):—“Æsculapius lies struck with lightning in
the regions of Cynosuris.” Cf. Virg.
Æn. vii. 770 ss. of
their gods. Seest thou from how great a height and how low they
have fallen? Was it without reason then that the Son of God came
down from heaven? or was it that He might heal so great a wound?
Was it without reason that the Son came? or was it in order that the
Father might be acknowledged? Thou hast learned what moved the
Only-begotten to come down from the throne at God’s right
hand. The Father was despised, the Son must needs correct the
error: for He Through Whom All Things Were Made must bring them all as offerings to the Lord of
all. The wound must be healed: for what could be worse than
this disease, that a stone should be worshipped instead of
God?