“This
portion of the theory of general language is the subject of what
is termed the doctrine of the Predicables; a set of distinctions
handed down from Aristotle, and his follower Porphyry, many of
which have taken a firm root in scientific, and some of them even
in popular, phraseology. The predicables are a five-fold
division of General Names, not grounded as usual on a difference
in their meaning, that is, in the attribute which they connote,
but on a difference in the kind of class which they denote.
We may predicate of a thing five different varieties of
class-name:
A genus of the thing (γένος).
A species (εἶδος).
A differentia (διαφορα).
A proprium (ἰδιόν).
An accidens (συμβεβηκός).
It is to be remarked of these
distinctions, that they express, not what the predicate is in its own
meaning, but what relation it bears to the subject of which it happens
on the particular occasion to be predicated.” J. S.
Mill, System of Logic, i. 133.