From this view of Cyril’s doctrine
concerning the Sacramental elements we can easily understand in what
sense he applies the terms “ type” and
“antitype” to the Eucharistic elements. “The
Sacrament of the Holy Eucharist having two parts, an outward and an
inward, and the outward part having been instituted by our Blessed Lord
with a certain relation to the inward, and gifted with a certain
significance of it, nothing is more natural than that the titles, type,
antitype, symbol, figure, image, should be given to the outward
part Pusey, R.
P. p. 94..” Add to this that, according to
Cyril’s doctrine as already explained, the bread after the
Invocation, without ceasing to be bread, not only signifies but also
is the Body, and we see how natural it was for him to say in one
passage that “His Body bore the figure of bread Cat. xiii. §
19: τὸ σῶμα
αὔτου κατὰ τὸ
εὐαγγέλιον
τύπον ἔφερεν
ἄρτου.,” in another that “in the figure
of bread the Body is given Mystag. iv.
§ 3: ἐν τύπῳ γὰρ
ἄρτου
δίδοταί σοι
τὸ σῶμα..” The
Body which “is given” cannot be an absent Body of
our Lord, but must be that Sacramental Body, of which Cyril goes on to
say in the same sentence that it is “distributed to our
members.” Thus the Bread broken is a type or figure of
Christ’s Body as crucified for us; and by virtue of its union
with the Divine Word it becomes the life-giving Body, which makes the
faithful recipient to be, in Cyril’s words, “of the same
body and same blood with Christ.”