Homily IX. is a demonstration that God is not the Author of Evil.  It has been conjectured that it was delivered shortly after some such public calamity as the destruction of Nicæa in 368.  St. Basil naturally touches on passages which have from time to time caused some perplexity on this subject.  He asks § 4. if God is not the Author of evil, how is it said “I form the light and create darkness, I make peace and create evil,” Is. xiv. 7. and again, “The evil came down from the Lord unto the gate of Jerusalem,” Micah i. 12. and again, “Shall there be evil in a city and the Lord hath not done it,” Amos iii. 6. and in the great song of Moses, “See now that I, even I, am he and there is no god with me:  I kill and I make alive, I wound and I heal”? Deut. xxxii. 39.  But to any one who understands the meaning of Scripture no one of these passages accuses God of being the Cause and Creator of evil.  He who uses the words, “I form the light and create darkness,” describes Himself not as Creator of any evil, but as Demiurge of creation.  “It is lest thou shouldst suppose that there is one cause of light and another of darkness that He described Himself as being Creator and Artificer of parts of creation which seem to be mutually opposed.  It is to prevent thy seeking one Demiurge of fire, another of water, one of air and another of earth, these seeming to have a kind of mutual opposition and contrariety of qualities.  By adopting these views many have ere now fallen into polytheism, but He makes peace and creates evil.  Unquestionably He makes peace in thee when He brings peace into thy mind by His good teaching, and calms the rebel passions of thy soul.  And He creates evil, that is to say, He reduces those evil passions to order, and brings them to a better state so that they may cease to be evil and may adopt the nature of good.  ‘Create in me a clean heart, O God.’ Ps. li. 10.  This does not mean Make now for the first time; δημιούργησον. it means Renew the heart that had become old from wickedness.  The object is that He may make both one. cf. Eph. ii. 14.  The word create is used not to imply the bringing out of nothing, but the bringing into order those which already existed.  So it is said, ‘If any man be in Christ he is a new creature.’ 2 Cor. v. 17.  Again, Moses says, ‘Is not He thy Father that hath bought thee?  Hath He not made thee and created thee?’ Deut. xxxii. 6, LXX.  Now, the creation put in order after the making evidently teaches us that the word creation, as is commonly the case, is used with the idea of improvement.  And so it is thus that He makes peace, out of creating evil; that is, by transforming and bringing to improvement.  Furthermore, even if you understand peace to be freedom from war, and evil to mean the troubles which are the lot of those who make war; marches into far regions, labours, vigils, terrors, sweatings, wounds, slaughters, taking of towns, slavery, exile, piteous spectacles of captives; and, in a word, all the evils that follow upon war, all these things, I say, happen by the just judgment of God, Who brings vengeance through war on those who deserve punishment.  Should you have wished that Sodom had not been burnt after her notorious wickedness?  Or that Jerusalem had not been overturned, nor her temple made desolate after the horrible wickedness of the Jews against the Lord?  How otherwise was it right for these things to come to pass than by the hands of the Romans to whom our Lord had been delivered by the enemies of His life, the Jews?  Wherefore it does sometimes come to pass that the calamities of war are righteously inflicted on those who deserve them—if you like to understand the words ‘I kill and I make alive’ in their obvious sense.  Fear edifies the simple.  ‘I wound and I heal’ is at once perceived to be salutary.  The blow strikes terror; the cure attracts to love.  But it is permissible to thee to find a higher meaning in the words, ‘I kill’—by sin; ‘I make alive’—by righteousness.  ‘Though our outward man perish, yet the inward man is renewed day by day.’ 2 Cor. iv. 16.  He does not kill one and make another alive, but He makes the same man alive by the very means by which He kills him; He heals him by the blows which He inflicts upon him.  As the proverb has it, ‘Thou shalt beat him with the rod and shalt deliver his soul from hell.’ Prov. xxiii. 14.  The flesh is smitten that the soul may be healed; sin is put to death that righteousness may live.  In another passage § 3. it is argued that death is not an evil.  Deaths come from God.  Yet death is not absolutely an evil, except in the case of the death of the sinner, in which case departure from this world is a beginning of the punishments of hell.  On the other hand, of the evils of hell the cause is not God, but ourselves.  The origin and root of sin is what is in our own control and our free will.”