6. Then thou sayest, “And all his
pomp Herod. II. 58:
“The Egyptians were the first to introduce solemn assemblies
(πανηγύρις)
and processions (πομπάς).” At
Rome the term “pompa” was applied especially to the
procession with which the Ludi Circenses were opened and also to any
grand ceremony or pageant..” Now the pomp of the devil is
the madness of theatres θεατρομανίαι.
Cf. Tertull. Apologet. 38; “We renounce all your
spectacles.…Among us nothing is ever said, or seen, or heard,
which has anything in common with the madness of the Circus, the
immodesty of the theatre, the atrocities of the arena, the useless
exercises of the wrestling-ground.” He calls the theatre
“that citadel of all impurities,” De Spectaculis, c.
10, “immodesty’s peculiar abode,” c. 17, and gives a
vivid description of the rage and fury of the Circus in c. 16., and horse-races,
and hunting, and all such vanity: from which that holy man
praying to be delivered says unto God, Turn away mine eyes from
beholding vanity Ps. cxix. 37.. Be not
interested in the madness of the theatre, where thou wilt behold the
wanton gestures of the players μίμων, the name either of a
species of low comedy, “consisting more of gestures and mimicry
than of spoken dialogue,” or of the persons who acted in
them. Cyril’s description of the coarse and indecent
character of the mimes is more than justified by the impartial
testimony of Ovid, Trist. ii. 497:
“Quid si scripsissem mimos obscœna
jocantes,
Qui semper vetiti crimen amoris habent;
In quibus assidue cultus procedit adulter,
Verbaque dat stulto callida nupta viro.
Nubilis hos virgo, matronaque, virque, puerque
Spectat, et e magna parte Senatus adest.
Nec satis incestis temerari vocibus aures;
Assuescunt oculi multa pudenda pati.”
A theatre is mentioned as one of the
buildings erected by Hadrian in his new City Aelia Capitolina built on
the site of Jerusalem; and that theatrical performances were continued
in the time of Cyril we know from the accusation that in a time of
famine he had sold one of the Church vestments, which was afterwards
used upon the stage., carried on with
mockeries and all unseemliness, and the frantic dancing of effeminate
men Lactantius,
Epitome, § 63: “Histrionici etiam impudici
gestus, quibus infames fœminas imitantur, libidines, quæ
saltando exprimunt, docent.”;—nor in the madness of them who in
hunts κυνηγεσίαις,
the so-called “venationes” of the Circus in which the
“bestiarii” fought with wild beasts. expose themselves to wild beasts, that they
may pamper their miserable appetite; who, to serve their belly with
meats, become themselves in reality meat for the belly of untamed
beasts; and to speak justly, for the sake of their own god, their
belly, they cast away their life headlong in single combats The
“bestiarii” were feasted in public on the day before their
encounter with the beasts. See Tertull. Apologet. §
42: “I do not recline in public at the feast of Bacchus,
after the manner of the beast-fighters at their last
banquet.” Ib. § 9: “Those also who dine on
the flesh of wild beasts from the arena, who have keen appetites for
bear and stag.” These latter, however, were chiefly the
poor, to whom flesh was a rarity: Apuleius Metam. iv. 14,
quoted by Oehler.. Shun also horse-races, that frantic
and soul-subverting spectacle ψυχὰς
ἐκτραχήλιζον,
an allusion to the risk of a broken neck in the chariot-race.
Tertull. de Spectaculis, § 9: “Equestrianism
was formerly practised in a simple way on horseback, and certainly its
ordinary use was innocent: but when it was dragged into the
games, it passed from a gift of God into the service of
demons.” The presiding deity of the chariot-race was
Poseidon (Hom. Il. xxiii, 307; Pind. Ol. i. 63;
Pyth. vi. 50; Soph. Œdip. Col. 712), and both this and the
other shows of the Circus, and of the theatre, were connected with the
worship of the gods of Greece and Rome, and therefore forbidden as
idolatrous: “What high religious rites, what sacrifices
precede, intervene, and follow, how many guilds, how many priesthoods,
how many services are set astir” (Tert. de Spect. §
7).. For all
these are the pomp of the devil.