Chapter 20.—Concerning the Rites
of Eleusinian Ceres.
Now among the rites of Ceres, those
Eleusinian rites are much famed which were in the highest repute
among the Athenians, of which Varro offers no interpretation except
with respect to corn, which Ceres discovered, and with respect to
Proserpine, whom Ceres lost, Orcus having carried her away. And
this Proserpine herself, he says, signifies the fecundity of
seeds. But as this fecundity departed at a certain season, whilst
the earth wore an aspect of sorrow through the consequent
sterility, there arose an opinion that the daughter of Ceres, that
is, fecundity itself, who was called Proserpine, from
proserpere
(to creep forth, to spring), had been carried away
by Orcus, and detained among the inhabitants of the nether world;
which circumstance was celebrated with public mourning. But since
the same fecundity again returned, there arose joy because
Proserpine had been given back by Orcus, and thus these rites were
instituted. Then Varro adds, that many things are taught in the
mysteries of Ceres which only refer to the discovery of
fruits.