10. There are inquirers into
nature οἱ
φυσικοὶ was the
name given to the Ionic and other philosophers who preceded
Socrates. Lucian (Ner. 4) calls Thales
φυσικώτατος. who with a great
display of words give reasons for the immobility of the earth.
Placed, they say, in the middle of the universe and not being able
to incline more to one side than the other because its centre is
everywhere the same distance from the surface, it necessarily rests
upon itself; since a weight which is everywhere equal cannot lean to
either side. It is not, they go on, without reason or by
chance that the earth occupies the centre of the universe. It
is its natural and necessary position. As the celestial body
occupies the higher extremity of space all heavy bodies, they argue,
that we may suppose to have fallen from these high regions, will be
carried from all directions to the centre, and the point towards
which the parts are tending will evidently be the one to which the
whole mass will be thrust together. If stones, wood, all
terrestrial bodies, fall from above downwards, this must be the
proper and natural place of the whole earth. If, on the
contrary, a light body is separated from the centre, it is evident
that it will ascend towards the higher regions. Thus heavy
bodies move from the top to the bottom, and following this
reasoning, the bottom is none other than the centre of the
world. Do not then be surprised that the world never
falls: it occupies the centre of the universe, its natural
place. By necessity it is obliged to remain in its place,
unless a movement contrary to nature should displace it. cf.
De Cœlo. ii. 14, 4. ῎Ετι
δ᾽ ἡ φορὰ τῶν
μορίων καὶ
ὅλης αὐτῆς ἠ
κατὰ φύσιν
ἐπἰ τὸ μέσον
τοῦ παντός
ἐστιν, διὰ
τοῦτο γὰρ
καὶ
τυγχάνει
κειμένη νῦν
ἐπὶ τοῦ
κέντρου. If there is anything in this system
which might appear probable to you, keep your admiration for the
source of such perfect order, for the wisdom of God. Grand
phenomena do not strike us the less when we have discovered
something of their wonderful mechanism. Is it otherwise
here? At all events let us prefer the simplicity of faith to
the demonstrations of reason.