1.  “And God said Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself.” Gen. i. 11.  It was deep wisdom that commanded the earth, when it rested after discharging the weight of the waters, first to bring forth grass, then wood as we see it doing still at this time.  For the voice that was then heard and this command were as a natural and permanent law for it; it gave fertility and the power to produce fruit for all ages to come; “Let the earth bring forth.”  The production of vegetables shows first germination.  When the germs begin to sprout they form grass; this develops and becomes a plant, which insensibly receives its different articulations, and reaches its maturity in the seed.  Thus all things which sprout and are green are developed.  “Let the earth bring forth green grass.”  Let the earth bring forth by itself without having any need of help from without.  Some consider the sun as the source of all productiveness on the earth.  It is, they say, the action of the sun’s heat which attracts the vital force from the centre of the earth to the surface.  The reason why the adornment of the earth was before the sun is the following; that those who worship the sun, as the source of life, may renounce their error.  If they be well persuaded that the earth was adorned before the genesis of the sun, they will retract their unbounded admiration for it, because they see grass and plants vegetate before it rose. Empedocles, according to Plutarch (περὶ τῶν ἀρέσκ, etc. v. 342) πρῶτα τῶν ζώων τὰ δένδρα ἐκ γῆς ἀναδῦναί φησι, πρὶν τὸν ἥλιον περιαπλωθῆναι καὶ πρὶν ἡμέραν καὶ νύκτα διακριθῆναι.  If then the food for the flocks was prepared, did our race appear less worthy of a like solicitude?  He, who provided pasture for horses and cattle, thought before all of your riches and pleasures.  If he fed your cattle, it was to provide for all the needs of your life.  And what object was there in the bringing forth of grain, if not for your subsistence?  Moreover, many grasses and vegetables serve for the food of man.