Chapter
VI
.—
That in one of its subsistences the divine
nature is united in its entirety to the human nature, in its entirety
and not only part to part.
What is common and general is predicated of the
included particulars. Essence, then, is common as being a
form
1999
, while subsistence is particular. It is
particular not as though it had part of the nature and had not the
rest, but particular in a numerical sense, as being individual.
For it is in number and not in nature that the difference between
subsistences is said to lie. Essence, therefore, is predicated of
subsistence, because in each subsistence of the same form the essence
is perfect. Wherefore subsistences do not differ from each other
in essence but in the accidents which indeed are the characteristic
properties, but characteristic of subsistence and not of nature.
For indeed they define subsistence as essence along with
accidents. So that the subsistence contains both the general and
the particular, and has an independent existence
2000
, while essence has not an independent
existence but is contemplated in the subsistences. Accordingly
when one of the subsistences suffers, the whole essence, being capable
of suffering
2001
, is held to have
suffered in one of its subsistences as much as the subsistence
suffered, but it does not necessarily follow, however, that all the
subsistences of the same class should suffer along with the suffering
subsistence.
Thus, therefore, we confess that the nature of the
Godhead is wholly and perfectly in each of its subsistences, wholly in
the Father, wholly in the Son, and wholly in the Holy Spirit.
Wherefore also the Father is perfect God, the Son is perfect God, and
the Holy Spirit is perfect God. In like manner, too, in the
Incarnation of the Trinity of the One God the Word of the Holy Trinity,
we hold that in one of its subsistences the nature of the Godhead is
wholly and perfectly united with the whole nature of humanity, and not
part united to part
2002
. The divine
Apostle in truth says that
in Him dwelleth all the fulness of the
Godhead bodily
2003
, that is to say in
His flesh. And His divinely-inspired disciple, Dionysius, who had
so deep a knowledge of things divine, said that the Godhead as a whole
had fellowship with us in one of its own subsistences
2004
. But we shall not be driven to hold
that all the subsistences of the Holy Godhead, to wit the three, are
made one in subsistence with all the subsistences of humanity.
For in no other respect did the Father and the Holy Spirit take part in
the incarnation of God the Word than according to good will and
pleasure. But we hold that to the whole of human nature the whole
essence of the Godhead was united. For God the Word omitted none
of the things which He implanted in our nature when He formed us in the
beginning, but took them all upon Himself, body and soul both
intelligent and rational, and all their properties. For the
creature that is devoid of one of these is not man. But He in His
fulness took upon Himself me in my fulness, and was united whole to
whole that He might in His grace bestow salvation on the whole
man. For what has not been taken cannot be healed
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.
The Word of God
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, then, was
united to flesh through the medium of mind which is intermediate
between the purity of God and the grossness of flesh
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. For the mind holds sway over soul
and body, but while the mind is the purest part of the soul God is that
of the mind. And when it is allowed
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by
that which is more excellent, the mind of Christ gives proof of its own
authority
2009
, but it is under the
dominion of and obedient to that which is more excellent, and does
those things which the divine will purposes.
Further the mind has become the seat of the
divinity united with it in subsistence, just as is evidently the case
with the body too, not as an inmate
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, which is the
impious error into which the heretics fall when they say that one
bushel cannot contain two bushels, for they are judging what is
immaterial by material standards. How indeed could Christ be
called perfect God and perfect man, and be said to be of like essence
with the Father and
with us, if only part of the divine
nature is joined in Him to part of the human nature
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?
We hold, moreover, that our nature has been raised
from the dead and has ascended to the heavens and taken its seat at the
right hand of the Father: not that all the persons of men have
risen from the dead and taken their seat at the right hand of the
Father, but that this has happened to the whole of our nature in the
subsistence of Christ
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. Verily the
divine Apostle says,
God hath raised us up together and made us sit
together in Christ
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.
And this further we hold, that the union took
place through common essences. For every essence is common to the
subsistences contained in it, and there cannot be found a partial and
particular nature, that is to say, essence: for otherwise we
would have to hold that the same subsistences are at once the same and
different in essence, and that the Holy Trinity in respect of the
divinity is at once the same and different in essence. So then
the same nature is to be observed in each of the subsistences, and when
we said that the nature of the word became flesh, as did the blessed
Athanasius and Cyrillus, we mean that the divinity was joined to the
flesh. Hence we cannot say “The nature of the Word
suffered;” for the divinity in it did not suffer, but we say that
the human nature, not by any means, however, meaning
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all the subsistences of men, suffered in
Christ, and we confess further that Christ suffered in His human
nature. So that when we speak of the nature of the Word we mean
the Word Himself. And the Word has both the general element of
essence and the particular element of subsistence.
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εἶδος
,
form, class,
species
.
2000
These words are
found only in
Cod. Reg.
2927.
2001
The words
οὐσία
παθητή
and
πέπονθε
are omitted in
some editions.
2002
Against Arius,
Apollinaris, and the Severians.
2003
Col. ii. 9
.
2004
Dion., De div.
nom.,
ch. 2.
2005
Athan., De salut.
adv. Christ: Greg. Naz., Epist.
1
ad Cled. et
Orat.
1:
Cyril, in John
viii.
2006
Cf.
Greg.
Naz., Orat
. 1, &c.
2007
Greg., Orat.
1, 38–51.
2008
περιχωρεῖται
ὑπὸ του
κρείττονος
.
2009
Infr
., ch.
xviii.
2010
ου
σύνοικος
. It is
proposed to read
αὐτοῦ
σύνοικος
, or
ὡς σύνοικος
.
2011
Greg., Epist.
1
ad Cled
.
2012
Athan., De salut.
adv. Christ
.
2013
Ephes. ii. 6
.
2014
Text,
ὑπεμφαίνοντες
.
Variant,
ἐμφαίνομεν
.