Now the Greeks declare that all our affairs are
controlled by the rising and setting and collision Text, συγκρούσεως.
Variants, συγκράσεως
and συγκρίσεως. of these stars, viz., the sun and
moon: for it is with these matters that astrology has to
do. But we hold that we get from them signs of rain and drought,
cold and heat, moisture and dryness, and of the various winds, and so
forth Basil, Hom.
6, in Hexaëmeron., but no sign whatever as to our
actions. For we have been created with free wills by our Creator
and are masters over our own actions. Indeed, if all our actions
depend on the courses of the stars, all we do is done of
necessity Nemes., de Nat.
Hom., ch. 34.: and
necessity precludes either virtue or vice. But if we possess
neither virtue nor vice, we do not deserve praise or punishment, and
God, too, will turn out to be unjust, since He gives good things to
some and afflicts others. Nay, He will no longer continue to
guide or provide for His own creatures, if all things are carried and
swept along in the grip of necessity. And the faculty of reason
will be superfluous to us: for if we are not masters of any of
our actions, deliberation is quite superfluous. Reason, indeed,
is granted to us solely that we might take counsel, and hence all
reason implies freedom of will.