"THE WORLD THAT THEN WAS" (2 Peter 3:5, 2 Peter 3:6). See Structure shown in Genesis Book comments. Creation in eternity past, to which all Fossils and "Remains" belong. God. Hebrew. Elohim, plural. First occurrence connects it with creation, and denotes, by usage, the Creator in relation to His creatures. See App-4. The Hebrew accent Athnach places the emphasis, and gives pause, on "God" as being Himself the great worker, separating the Worker from His work. created (singular) Occurs 6 times in this Introduction. Other Acts 46 times. See App-5. Perfection implied. Deuteronomy 32:4. 2 Samuel 22:31. Job 38:7. Psalms 111; Psalms 147:3-5. Proverbs 3:19. Ecclesiastes 3:11-14. [Even the Greek Cosmos = ornament. Exodus 33:4-6. Isaiah 49:18. Jeremiah 4:30. Ezekiel 7:20. 1 Peter 3:3. the heaven and the earth. With Hebrew Particle ’eth before each, emphasizing the article "the", and thus distinguishing both from Genesis 2:1. "Heavens" in Hebrew, always in plural. See note on Deuteronomy 4:26. And. Note the Figure of speech Polysyndeton (App-6), by which, in the 34 verses of this Introduction, each one of 102 separate acts are emphasized; and the important word "God" in Genesis 1:1 is carried like a lamp through the whole of this Introduction (Genesis 1:1 Genesis 2:3). the earth. Figure of speech Anadiplosis. See App-6. was = became. See Genesis 2:7; Genesis 4:3; Genesis 9:15; Genesis 19:26. Exodus 32:1. Deuteronomy 27:9. 2 Samuel 7:24, &c. Also rendered came to pass Genesis 4:14; Genesis 22:1; Genesis 23:1; Genesis 27:1. Joshua 4:1; Joshua 5:1. 1 Kings 13:32. Isaiah 14:24, &c. Also rendered be (in the sense of become) Genesis 1:3, &c, and where the verb "to be" is not in italic type. Hence, Exodus 3:1, kept = became keeper, quit = become men, &c. See App-7. without form = waste. Hebrew. tohu va bohu. Figure of speech Paronomasia. App-6. Not created tohu (Isaiah 45:18), but became tohu (Genesis 1:2. 2 Peter 3:5, 2 Peter 3:6). " An enemy hath done this" (Matthew 13:25, Matthew 13:28, Matthew 13:39. Compare 1 Corinthians 14:33.) See App-8. was. This is in italic type, because no verb "to be" in Hebrew. (App-7). In like manner man became a ruin (Genesis 3; Psalms 14:1-3; Psalms 51:5; Psalms 53:1-3. Ecclesiastes 7:20. Romans 7:18). face. Figure of speech Pleonasm. App-6. the Spirit of God moved (see App-9) = The beginning of "the heavens and earth which are now" (2 Peter 3:7). It is even so in the New Creation. The Spirit moves (John 3:3-8. Romans 8:5, Romans 8:9, Romans 8:14. Galatians 1:4, Galatians 1:29. 2 Corinthians 5:17, 2 Corinthians 5:18). deep; waters = Job 38:29-30 God said (occurs 10 times in Introduction). This begins each day: 3rd day twice; 6th day four times. The second act is also of God (1 Peter 1:23-25). App-5. be light = become light (as in Genesis 1:2), not the verb "to be". Light not located till 4th day. was = became, as in Genesis 1:2. It is even so in the New Creation: His Word enters and gives light (Psalms 119:130. 2 Corinthians 4:6). saw. Occurs 7 times in Introduction. App-5. good = beautiful (Ecclesiastes 3:11). divided. Occurs twice. App-5. Each day’s work called "good", except the 2nd, because nothing created on that day: only division made. called. Occurs 5 times. App-5. evening . . . morning. Figure of speech Synecdoche (of the Part), App-6. Put for a full day. The beginning and end of anything is put for the whole of it. Compare Ecclesiastes 3:11; Ecclesiastes 10:13; Ecclesiastes 11:6. Psalms 92:2. Isaiah 41:4; Isaiah 44:6; Isaiah 48:12. Revelation 1:8, Revelation 1:11, Revelation 1:17; Revelation 2:8; Revelation 21:6; Revelation 22:13. first. For spiritual significance see App-10. first day = day one. The word "day" may refer to a prolonged period when used without any qualifying words. But when qualified with a numeral (cardinal or ordinal) it is defined and limited by it to a day of 24 hours. It is further limited here by its boundaries "evening and morning", as well as by the 7th day. Compare Exodus 20:9, Exodus 20:11. See App-11. firmament = expanse. Something spread out. made. Occurs 7 times. App-5. Heaven = Hebrew high, lofty. after his kind. Occurs 10 times (verses: Genesis 1:11, Genesis 1:12, Genesis 1:12, Genesis 1:21, Genesis 1:21, Genesis 1:24, Genesis 1:24, Genesis 1:25, Genesis 1:25, Genesis 1:25). See App-10. Evolution has no answer to this. seed is in itself. Hebrew. seeding seed. Figure of speech Polyptoton, App-6. First the herb, then seed. First tree, then fruit. third day = day three. lights. Hebrew. m’aor = lightholders or luminaries (Exodus 25:6; Exodus 27:20; Exodus 35:14, &c. Compare Genesis 1:3). signs. Hebrew. ’oth = things to come (Jeremiah 10:2). seasons. Hebrew. mo’ed, appointed times (from y’ed, to appoint). Occurs only 3 more times in Genesis. See Genesis 17:21; Genesis 18:14; Genesis 21:2. two = the two. the stars also. See App-12. fourth day = day four. See note on Genesis 1:5. life = soul. Hebrew. nephesh, as in verses: Genesis 1:21, Genesis 1:24, Genesis 1:30; Genesis 2:7, Genesis 2:19; Genesis 9:4, Genesis 9:5, Genesis 9:5, Genesis 9:10, Genesis 9:12, Genesis 9:15, Genesis 9:16. Leviticus 11:46, &c. See App-13. whales = great sea-creatures. creature = soul. Hebrew. nephesh. Compare Genesis 1:20 and App-13. blessed. See on Genesis 1:1. Note the threefold blessing at Creation (Genesis 1:22, Genesis 1:28; Genesis 2:3). evening . . . morning. See on Genesis 1:5 fifth. The No. of grace (App-10). No blessing till the 5th day, when there was living soul to bless. fifth day, or "day five". See note on Genesis 1:5. creature = soul. Hebrew. nephesh. See App-13. Let us. The Divine purpose is here stated. The Divine act not described till Genesis 2:7, Genesis 2:21-24. man. Hebrew. ’adam (no Art.) = mankind. image . . . likeness. Figure of speech Hendiadys. App-6. One thing, not two = "In the likeness of our image", viz. of Elohim (not Jehovah), the 2nd person, who had taken creature form in order to create (Colossians 1:15. Hebrews 1:3. Revelation 3:14; compare Proverbs 8:22-31, and 1 Corinthians 11:3-11). Refers only to outward form, not to attributes. So He afterward took human form in order to redeem (John 1:14). Compare Revelation 4:11 with Revelation 5:9. In any case the "image and likeness" is physical, not moral. Man fell and is a moral ruin, but some physical likeness to ’elohim still remains. Compare Genesis 9:6. 1 Corinthians 11:7. James 3:9. No indication that that similitude was ever lost. Genesis 5:3. See note on Genesis 3:7. and. Note Figure of speech Polysyndeton (App-6) here, and throughout the Introduction (see Genesis 1:2), emphasizing the Divine purpose. God. The Hebrew accent (Pasek) places the emphasis on God, the Carrier-out of His purpose. created: i.e., when He did create. The description of the act postponed till Genesis 2:7, Genesis 2:21-24. See note on Genesis 1:26. The Tosephta (contemporary with the Mishna, about A.D. 200) translate Sanhedrin, viii. 7: "Why was man created last? That the heretics might not say there was a companion with Him in the work": i.e. lest man should have claimed a share in it. man. Here the Hebrew ’adam has the article, and the demonstrative Hebrew. ’eth, to indicate that the man Adam created in Genesis 2:7 was the "man" here purposed. own. Wrongly supplied by Authorized Version and Revised Version. image. Figure of speech Anadiplosis (App-6) for emph. him. Emphasized by Hebrew accent (Athnach). them. Emph. Here, in purpose. But, Genesis 2:7, Genesis 2:21-24, in historical act and fact. them. Emph. Figure of speech Prolepsis (App-6). The actual building of Eve not till Genesis 2:20-23. replenish = fill, as Genesis 1:22 and nearly every occurrence. have dominion. Compare Psalms 8. Hebrews 2:6-8. "But now . . . not yet. " bearing seed . . . yielding seed. Heb, "seeding seed". Figure of speech Polyptoton (App-6) for emph. for meat. Not flesh till after the Flood (Genesis 9:3). life = soul. Hebrew. nephesh. Compare Genesis 1:20; Genesis 2:7 and App-18. I have given. Figure of speech Ellipsis (App-6. a) correctly supplied from Genesis 1:29. the sixth day. Here, with Art. "the"; unlike the other five days. Six, the Number of man. See App-10. the heavens and the earth = "which are now" (2 Peter 3:7), see Structure on p. 1. Hence without Hebrew Particle ’eth. See note on Genesis 1:1 and Deuteronomy 4:26. seventh. Samaritan Pentateuch and Septuagint read "sixth", which is evidently correct. day. See on ch. Genesis 1:5. God ended. See on Genesis 1:1 and App-5. made. See note on Genesis 1:7. rested. From achievement; man rests from fatigue. created. See note on Genesis 1:1. The Introduction (Genesis 1:1 - Genesis 2:3) is the summary: Genesis 2:4-25 gives the details of Genesis 1: Genesis 2:9-14 coming historically between verses: Genesis 1:12 and Genesis 1:13. generations = Family history. For the 14 in Bible, see the structure of the Book as a whole (p. 1). These are the Divine divisions, in which there is no trace of the Elohistic and Jehovistic theories. It should be seen here if anywhere. But note: there is only one in which Elohim is used (No. 1); only one to which Jehovah is peculiar (No. 10): five have both titles (Nos 3, 4, 7, 9, 12). Four have neither title (Nos 6, 8, 10, 11). All the speakers use "Jehovah" except the Nachash, Abimelech (to Abram, not to Isaac), sons of Heth, Pharaoh (of Joseph), Joseph’s brethren, Joseph himself. in the day = when. See on Genesis 2:17 and App-18. Compare Genesis 1:5; Genesis 3:17. LORD God = First occurance. See App-4, and note above. every plant, &c. This is an expansion of Gen 1:11, Genesis 1:12, giving details. for. Three reasons why plants in ground "before they grew": (1) no rain; (2) no man; (3)no mist: see Genesis 2:6. But = and. mist = no mist . . . to water. The last of two or three negatives not necessary. Must be supplied by Figure of speech Ellipsis (App-6. a), as in Deuteronomy 33:6. 1 Samuel 2:3. Psalms 9:18; Psalms 38:1; Psalms 75:5. Proverbs 24:12; Proverbs 25:27. Isaiah 38:18, &c. formed. As a potter. Isaiah 64:8. man. Hebrew. ’eth- ’Ha’adham (with art. and particle = "this same man Adam". See App-14). breath. Hebrew. neshamah. See App-16. of. Genitive of Apposition (App-17) = "breath [that is] life". soul. Hebrew. nephesh. See "life", Genesis 1:20, and App-13. Compare Genesis 7:22. verses 8-14 Figure of speech Parecbasis. App-6. garden. This garden may be additional to Genesis 1:11, Genesis 1:12; Genesis 2:4, Genesis 2:5 -. That creation concerns the "plants of the field" (1st occ). This may have been a special planting, and lost when the garden and Eden were lost. Note the three gardens: (1) Eden, death in sin; (2) Gethsemane, death for sin; (3) Sepulchre, death to sin. eastward in Eden = "in Eden, eastward". Eden. In the cuneiform texts = the plain of Babylonia, known in the Accado-Sumerian as edin = "the fertile plain", called by its inhabitants Edinu. In Hebrew. eden, Septuagint paradise. Occurs Genesis 2:8, Genesis 2:10, Genesis 2:15; Genesis 3:23, Genesis 3:24; Genesis 4:16. Isaiah 51:3. Ezekiel 28:13; Ezekiel 31:9, Ezekiel 31:16, Ezekiel 31:18, Ezekiel 31:18; Ezekiel 36:35. Joe 2:3. verses 8-14 Figure of speech Parecbasis. App-6. tree of life. Genitive of cause (App-17) = the Tree supporting and continuing the life which had been imparted. Compare Genesis 3:22. Hence "the bread of life", John 6:48, John 6:51, John 6:53. midst. Compare Revelation 2:7. knowledge = sense or perception (Genesis 12:12. Son 6:11. Isaiah 59:8). good and evil. See on Genesis 2:17. verses 8-14 Figure of speech Parecbasis. App-6. river = the Persian Gulf, known as such to the Accadians, in which the river became four mouths (or heads) at spots where they flowed into the source which received and fed them. verses 8-14 Figure of speech Parecbasis. App-6. Pison = the river W. of the Euphrates, called Pallukat in reign of Nabonidos, last king of Babylonia, or the Pallakopas Canal. compasseth. The Pallukat or Pison encircled the N. borders of the great sandy desert which stretched westward to the mountain chains of Midian and Sinai. Havilah = the region of Sand. Indicated in Genesis 25:18. 1 Samuel 15:7. Shur would be the E. end of Havilah, the W, of this region. Connected with Ophir in Genesis 10:29. verses 8-14 Figure of speech Parecbasis. App-6. onyx. Hebrew. shoham, identified with Assyr. samtu, from that region. verses 8-14 Figure of speech Parecbasis. App-6. Gihon = the river E. of the Tigris. The modern Kerkhah, and ancient Khoaspes, rising in the mountains of the Kassi. Kas has been confused with the Heb, Cush. It is not the African Cush or Ethiopia, but the Accadian kas. verses 8-14 Figure of speech Parecbasis. App-6. Hiddekel = Accadian for the Tigris, which was Idiqla, or Idiqlat = "the encircling". Assyria. Hebrew. Hashshur (Asshur). This is not Assyria, but the city of Assur, the primitive capital of Assyria (which lay E. and W, of the Tigris). Euphrates. Hebrew. phenath. The Greek Euphrates comes from the old Persian Ufrate, and this from Purat or Puratu = the river. Sometimes Puranun = the great river. the man. Hebrew. ’eth-ha’adham = this same man Adam. See App-14. keep = keep safe, preserve. Same Hebrew as Genesis 3:24; Genesis 17:9, Genesis 17:10; Genesis 18:19, &c. the man. Hebrew. ha’adham (with art.) = the man Adam. See App-14. freely. Hebrew "Eating thou mayest eat". Figure of speech Polyptoton (App-6) for emphasis (see note on Genesis 26:28). Here rightly marked by "freely". Toned down by Eve in Genesis 3:2. tree. Note the three trees: "Knowledge" (Genesis 2:9), man’s Ruin; "the Cross" (Acts 10:39; Acts 5:30. 1 Peter 2:24), man’s Redemption; "the Tree of Life" (Genesis 2:9. Revelation 2:7; Revelation 22:2), man’s Regeneration. good and evil. See on "knowledge", Genesis 2:9. Obedience proving what was "good" (Deuteronomy 6:24), disobedience revealing what was "evil" (Romans 3:20). in the day = when. See App-18. Compare Genesis 2:4. 1 Kings 2:37. Ezekiel 36:33, &c. thou shalt surely die. Hebrew "dying thou shalt die". Figure of speech Polyptoton, for emph. Compare Genesis 20:7; Genesis 26:11. Exodus 19:12; Exodus 21:12, Exodus 21:15, Exodus 21:16, Exodus 21:17; Exodus 31:14, Exodus 31:15. Leviticus 20:2, Leviticus 9:10, Leviticus 9:11, Leviticus 9:12, Leviticus 9:13, Leviticus 9:15, Leviticus 9:16, Leviticus 9:27; Leviticus 24:16, Leviticus 24:17; Leviticus 27:29. Numbers 15:35; Numbers 26:65; Numbers 35:16, Numbers 35:17, Numbers 35:18, Numbers 35:21, Numbers 35:31. Judges 13:22; Judges 15:13; Judges 21:5. 1 Samuel 14:39, 1 Samuel 14:44; 1 Samuel 22:16. 2 Samuel 12:14. 1 Kings 2:37, 1 Kings 2:42; 2 Kings 1:4, 2 Kings 1:6, 2 Kings 1:16; 2 Kings 8:10. Jeremiah 26:8, Jeremiah 26:19; Jeremiah 38:15. Ezekiel 3:18; Ezekiel 18:13; Ezekiel 33:8, Ezekiel 33:14. See note on Genesis 26:28 for the emphasis of this Figure exhibited in other ways; and compare esp. note on Numbers 26:65. Here marked by the word "surely", as in Genesis 2:16 by the word "freely". This certainty changed by Eve in Genesis 3:3 into a contingency. meet = as his counterpart. ground: giving the details of Gen 1:24. creature = soul. Hebrew. nephesh. See Genesis 1:20 and App-13. woman. Heb ’ishah, fem, of ’ish (App-14) = female. Man. Hebrew. ’ish. App-14. Therefore, &c, quoted Matthew 19:5, &c. 1 Corinthians 6:16. Ephesians 5:31. naked. Hebrew. ’arum, a Homonym. The same spelling as word rendered "subtil" in Genesis 3:1. serpent. Hebrew. Nachash, a shining one. See note on Numbers 21:6, Numbers 21:9. The old serpent (2 Corinthians 11:3) transformed as "an angel of light" (= a glorious angel, 2 Corinthians 11:14). Compare Ezekiel 28:14, Ezekiel 28:17, connected with "cherub" (Ezekiel 28:13, Ezekiel 28:14, Ezekiel 28:16), and contrasted with it here in Genesis 3:24. See App-19. subtil = wise. Hebrew. ’arum, a Homonym. Same as Genesis 2:25; here = wise (as Job 5:12; Job 15:5. Proverbs 12:16, Proverbs 12:23; Proverbs 13:16; Proverbs 14:8, Proverbs 14:15, Proverbs 14:18; Proverbs 22:3; Proverbs 27:12). Compare Ezekiel 28:12, Ezekiel 28:13, Ezekiel 28:17. If the Ellipsis (App-6.) be supplied from the preceding context, Genesis 3:1 will then read on from Genesis 2:25, thus: "they were bothnaked (’arum), the man and his wife, and [knowing only good, Genesis 2:17] were not ashamed [before God]. But the Nachash was more wise (’arum) than any living being of the field which Jehovah Elohim had made, and [knowing evil, and not ashamed (Genesis 2:25) to question the truth of God’s word] he said unto the woman, "&c. beast = living creature or being; same as Zoon in Revelation 4:6-9; Revelation 5:6, Revelation 5:8, Revelation 5:14, &c. And. Note the Figure of speech Polysyndeton (App-6) throughout this chapter emphasizing each detail. the LORD God. See note on Genesis 2:4 Yea, hath God said = Can it be that God hath said. Not a question, but Figure Erotesis (App-6) for emph. Opposition to God’s Word is Satan’s sphere of activity. This is Satan’s first utterance in Scripture. may eat. Misquoted from Genesis 2:16 by not repeating the emphatic Figure Polyptoton, and thus omitting the emph. "freely". neither shall ye touch it. This sentence is added. Compare Genesis 2:18, Genesis 2:17. There is another word in this verse we need to consider, and it is the word "touch". God’s command to Eve was; "neither shall ye touch it. "The Hebrew word for "touch" is # H5060 in the Strong’s dictionary is (Naga, a prime root, prop. to touch, i.e., lay the hand upon (for the purpose; euphemism, to lie with a woman), to reach), So we see that the warning to Adam and Eve specifically, was to stay away from Satan called both the "serpent", and the "tree of good and evil". The fruit of that tree was not to be taken; and we know that the "fruit" as the results of a sexual relationship between any man and woman is a child. God’s command was that Eve "not touch (lay with Satan)." So, we see that the order by God is that Eve not have sexual union with Satan. lest ye die. Misquoted from Genesis 2:16, Genesis 2:17, by not repeating the emphatic Figure Polyptoton, thus changing the emph. preserved in the word "surely". Ye shall not surely die = Satan’s second utterance. Contradiction of God’s Word in Genesis 2:17. This has become the foundation of Spiritism and Traditional belief as to death. See note on Genesis 2:17. ye shall be as gods = be as God, Hebrew. Elohim. This is the foundation of Satan’s second lie: "The immanence of God in man. " good for food. See 1 John 2:16, "Lust of the flesh". Compare Matthew 4:3. pleasant to the eyes. See 1 John 2:16, "Lust of the eyes". Compare Matthew 4:5. make one wise. See 1 John 2:16, "Boastful of life". Compare Matthew 4:8. gave. See 1 Timothy 2:14. with her. Therefore Adam present. Compare "Ye", verses: Genesis 3:4, Genesis 3:5. knew. Figure of speech Metonymy (of Subj.) App-6. They knew before, but their knowledge now received a new meaning. Adam becomes "naked" by losing something of Elohim’s glorious likeness. Romans 8:3 may refer to this. fig leaves. The man-made covering contrasted, in the structure, with the God-made clothing (Genesis 3:21). aprons. Hebrew word occurs only here. voice = sound. (Ecclesiastes 7:6 = crackling.) Here = footsteps, as in 2 Samuel 5:24. 1 Kings 14:6. 2 Kings 6:32. cool. Hebrew. ruach. App-9. hid themselves. No "quest for God" in fallen man. Compare Genesis 4:14. Luke 15:13. Ephesians 2:13. Jeremiah 23:24. Where art thou? The 1st Q. in O.T. comes from God to the sinner. Compare 1st Q. in N.T. of the seeking sinner, "Where is He? "(Matthew 2:2). the man. Hebrew. Ha ’adham = the man Adam. App-14. the woman. Characteristic of fallen man (Job 31:33. hence Deuteronomy 13:6). Thou gavest. Implying blame to Jehovah as well as to his wife. The serpent. See note on Genesis 3:1 and App-19; and compare 2 Corinthians 11:3, 2 Corinthians 11:14. said. God asks the serpent no question. There is no parley. Sentence at once pronounced. upon thy belly, &c. Figure of speech. See App-19. The words imply the utmost humiliation, as in Psalms 44:25. dust, &c. Figure of speech of utter defeat, as in Psalms 72:9. See App-19. it. i.e. Christ. The corruption of this in the Vulgate into "she" lies at the root of Mariolatry: the verb in singular. Masculine shows that zer’a (seed) is here to be taken in singular, with Septuagint, i.e. Christ; see note on Genesis 17:7; Genesis 21:12, and Galatians 1:3, Galatians 1:16. head . . . heel. See App-19. No more literal than 1 Corinthians 11:8, or Psalms 41:9, and John 13:18. They denote the temporary sufferings of the Seed, and the complete destruction of Satan and his works (Hebrews 2:14. 1 John 3:8). Heel = lower part. Head = vital part. This is the first great promise and prophecy. Note its position in the centre of Structure above. greatly multiply. Hebrew "multiplying I will multiply". Figure of speech Polyptoton. Emph. Preserved in word "greatly". Compare Genesis 3:4, and see note on Genesis 26:28. in sorrow. Compare 1 Timothy 2:14, 1 Timothy 2:15. children. Hebrew = sons; but daughters included by context. to = subject to. Childbearing was not brought into this for eating an apple. cursed. Nature affected. Romans 8:19-23. Thorns. The sign of the curse. What else was brought forth is not stated; but the word may include all kinds of noxious insects, &c, as well as poisonous weeds. It was a crown of "Thorns" that drew the first blood from our Lord. field. Not the fruit of Paradise. face = whole body. Figure of speech Synecdoche (of Part). App-6. bread = all kinds of food. Figure of speech Synecdoche (of Species). dust. This is literal. See Genesis 2:7. Psalms 103:14. Ecclesiastes 12:7. 1 Corinthians 15:47. Note the emph. by Introversion | return. | it = (dust). | dust. | return. Eve = Hebrew. Chavvah = Life, Life-spring. Showing that he believed God. The name "Eve" occurs 4 times: here; Genesis 4:1; 2 Corinthians 11:3; and 1 Timothy 2:13. all = all who should live after her. Figure of speech Synecdoche (of Genus). coats. Compare the structure of Genesis 3, Genesis 3:7. of skins = skin. Omitted in the Codex "Severus" See App-34. Behold. Figure of speech Asterismos (App-6). man. Hebrew the man, Adam. good. Hebrew. tov = general good. Compare Genesis 1:4, Genesis 1:10, Genesis 1:12, Genesis 1:18, Genesis 1:21, Genesis 1:25; Genesis 6:2. Deuteronomy 1:25; Deuteronomy 3:25. Judges 8:2. Esther 1:11. Proverbs 8:11. Ecclesiastes 7:14; Ecclesiastes 11:7. Verse ends with Fig, Aposiopesis = Sudden silence, emphasizing the result as being unspeakable. live for ever clearly shows the nature of man, Therefore: the object is self-evident. drove out. Note the failure of man under every dispensation. placed. Heb shakan, to place in a tabernacle, hence to dwell. The Cherubim placed later in the tents of Shem, Genesis 9:26, Genesis 9:27. Compare Genesis 4:3, Genesis 4:7, Genesis 4:14, Genesis 4:16. Cherubim. See App-41. 1 Samuel 4:4. Psalms 80:1; Psalms 99:1. a = should be "the". every way, not natah (aside), savav (about), sug (back), panah (toward), but haphak (every way), effectually preserving the way. keep. See note on Genesis 2:15 = preserve, so that man should not "live for ever" in his fallen condition, but only in Christ, 1 John 5:11, 1 John 5:12. tree of life. See note on Genesis 2:9. Cain = acquisition. a man. Hebrew. ’ish. (See App-14.) Literally "a man, even Jehovah". Revised Version "with the help of", in italics. Hebrew. ’ish ’eth Jehovah. Compare Luke 2:11. Abel = = transitoriness. in process of time. Hebrew. at [the] end of days. The time as well as place and offering probably appointed. ground. The product of the curse. Compare Genesis 3:17. offering, &c. = a sacrifice unto Jehovah. Most religious, but his own "way" (Jude 1:11); but not first-fruits as Abel’s. Heb, minchah. See App-48. LORD = Jehovah. Note, the sacrifices both brought to Jehovah as the covenant God; not to Elohim, the Creator. See App-4. brought: "by faith", Hebrews 11:4, which came by hearing the word of God (Romans 10:17). firstlings . . . and the fat. &c. Figure of speech Hendiadys, App-6= "the firstlings, and the fattest ones too. " respect: by accepting it by fire Divinely sent. Leviticus 9:24. Judges 6:21. 1 Kings 18:38. 1 Chronicles 21:26. 2 Chronicles 7:1; and compare Psalms 20:3, and Hebrew . Genesis 11:4. had respect. his offering. Figure of speech Antimetabole (App-6) his offerings had not respect Why. ? Figure of speech Erotesis for emph. (App-6). if. The Hebrew Accent (Pashta) puts the emphasis on the 1st "well" and on this 2nd "if", to mark the solemn and Important alternative. sin = sin offering. Hebrew. chata. See App-43. The word "offering" is actually added in Exodus 30:10. Leviticus 4:3, Leviticus 6:25; Leviticus 8:2. Psalms 40:6. Compare 2 Corinthians 5:21. Ephesians 5:2. lieth. Lieth is mase. Sin offering is feminine. So that the Hebrew reads "at the entrance [a male] is lying, a sin offering". shall be. Supply "is" instead. and thou shalt rule. Compare Genesis 3:16. talked = said. Hebrew = (amar) to say, which must be followed by the words spoken (not so dabar, which means to speak absolutely). What Cain said is preserved in the Samaritan Pentateuch, Septuagint, Syriac, Vulgate, Targum of Jerome, and manuscripts, "Let us go into the field. " Manuscripts which have not the words, have a hiatus. slew: 1 John 3:12. "Religion" is and ever has been the greatest cause of blood-shedding. blood. Hebrew "bloods", denoting his posterity Matthew 23:35. from the earth. The Hebrew accent athnach. after "cursed" suggests "more than the ground’ (Genesis 3:17). strength = Metonymy (of the Cause). Strength put for that which it produces. punishment = iniquity. Hebrew. ’aven. See App-44. For "my punishment", &c, read "Is mine iniquity too great to be forgiven? "with Septuagint, Vulgate, Syriac, Arabic, Targum of Onkelos, Samaritan Pentateuch, and Greek and Latin Fathers. earth. Hebrew ground. hid. Compare note on Genesis 3:8. every one = any one. Therefore = not so (with Septuagint) This is emphasized by the Hebrew accent (Pasha). upon = set a sign for Cain, i.e. gave him a pledge; same word as Genesis 1:14; Genesis 9:12, Genesis 9:13, Genesis 9:17 (token). See also Exodus 4:8, Exodus 4:9, Exodus 4:17, Exodus 4:28, Exodus 4:30; Exodus 12:13. Ezekiel 20:12. presence, &c, i.e. the Tabernacle placed by God for His worship (Genesis 3:24), whither offerings were brought (Genesis 4:3, Genesis 4:4). Nod = wandering. Compare Genesis 4:12 = the Manda of the Cuneiform Inscriptions = the land of the Nomads. Enoch = Teaching or Initiation. Cain’s posterity (verses: Genesis 4:16-24) comes in "the Generations of the heavens and the earth" (see Structure, p. 5). See App-20. This seed was begotten after the slaying of Abel. city. A city has been discovered beneath the brick platform on which Nipur, in South Babylonia, was built. This verse shows there were people on earth other than Adam’s children, or Cain married his full sister. Irad = city of witness. Lamech = powerful, 7th from Adam in Cain’s line. two. The first polygamist. Jabal = flowing. and = the Figure of speech Zeugma. (App-6.) Supplied here by the italics. Jubal = joyful sound. organ. Hebrew. ’ugab. The well-known "Pan’s pipe". Tubal-cain = flowing from Cain. Hear . . . hearken. Refers to Genesis 3:17. Lamech was in greater danger than Adam. Adam had only one wife, Lamech had two. Hear my voice, emph. on "my". I have = continuous present. May be rendered thus: "I can kill a man for wounding me, And a young man for hurting me. " Lamech. Supply Ellipsis (App-6), "shall he avenged". Seth = substituted. Figure of speech Paronomasia. Sheth (Seth) . . . Sheth (appointed). God = Elohim. seed = son, by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Cause). Enos = trail, incurable. began. See notes on next page. began. Not began to worship: for Abel worshipped, and others, doubtless, long before. But here: "began to call upon [their gods] by the name of Jehovah, "or "began profanely to call upon the name of the Lord" (see App-21). Enos, though the son of Seth, is included here because he went in "the way of Cain". book of the generation. Only here and Matthew 1:1, "the second man" and "last Adam". In the day. See Genesis 2:17 and App-18. God = Elohim. man. Art. not needed = the man Adam. App-14. him. Emph. reference to Adam. them, i.e. Adam and Eve, going back to Genesis 1:27; Genesis 2:7. own. Adam created in God’s likeness. All his descendants begotten in Adam’s likeness, after his Fall. See Psalms 51:5. Romans 5:12-19. Seth. Refers back to Genesis 4:25, and develops his line. the days of Adam. None of these particulars are given of Cain’s line. Not even of their deaths. begat. If Adam begat after Seth, so doubtless others after Cain and Abel. Enos. See Genesis 4:26. Cainan = Hebrew a possession. Mahalaleel = praise of God. Jared = descent. Enoch = teaching, or initiation. Methuselah = when he is dead it shall be sent, i.e. the Deluge. Walked = walked to and fro; why not literally as with Adam before the Fall? Genesis 2:19; Genesis 3:8. took him. See Hebrews 11:5. Translated without dying: as Elijah was, 2 Kings 2:9. Enoch was "the seventh from Adam" (Jude 1:14). He prophesied "by faith". Therefore Divinely instructed, Romans 10:17. Lamech (powerful). Noah = rest, comfort, or consolation. Genesis 8:21. comfort us concerning = give us rest from. work: should be works (with Samaritan Pentateuch, Septuagint, Syriac, &c). work and toil = grievous toil, or trouble, "works" reference probably to the evil deeds going on around. See Genesis 6:3, and compare Exodus 23:24. Leviticus 18:3. Micah 6:16. Ecclesiastes 4:3. Job 33:17. Probably Figure of speech Hendiadys (App-6), for emph. = toilsome labour. the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4. five. See chronology of Patriarchs. App-22. begat. See Genesis 6:10 below. Shem, Ham, and Japheth. Named in inverted order. Japheth was the elder (Genesis 10:21), Shem the youngest, and, as in other cases, the youngest chosen for the blessing. Compare the inversion of the order in Genesis 10:1, and Genesis 2:6, and Genesis 2:21, and See Genesis 11:10 and note on Genesis 9:24; Genesis 10:1. The Chronology having been brought up to Noah’s days, the History takes us back (not forward). men = sing, with art. = the man Adam. See App-14. earth = Hebrew. h’adamah, ground. them: i.e. to Adam and Eve, as in Genesis 1:27 and Genesis 5:2. the sons of God = angels. See App-23, and App-26. God = ha-Elohim = the Creator. men: in contrast with angels. Hebrew. ha-’adham, singular. the man Adam. See App-14. they: emph. wives = women. Genesis 2:22. spirit. Hebrew. ruach. See App-9. strive = remain in, with Septuagint, Arabic, Syriac, and Vulgate; Occurs only here. man: with article, as in verses: Genesis 6:1 and Genesis 6:2 = the man Adam, App-14. he: emphatic, i.e. the man Adam. also: i.e. the man Adam also, as well as the others. (Not "men"; if so, as well as what?) is flesh. If taken as a verb, then it = "in their erring". Hebrew. shagag. App-44. Adam had become like the others. yet his days = yet Adam’s days. See App-24. hundred and twenty years: this fixes the date A. M. 930-120-810. The B.C. date being 3194, as given. giants = Nephilim. See App-25. those days = "the days of Noah. " also after that = after their destruction by the Flood, as well as before it. There was another irruption, the result being like those "of old". See notes on Genesis 12:6 with Genesis 13:7; also App-23 and App-25. renown. Hebrew the men of name. The "heroes" of the Greek mythology. The remains of primitive truth, corrupted in transmission. GOD = Jehovah. App-4. wickedness = lewdness, moral depravity. App-44. great = multiplied. Very emphatic. repented = the Figure of speech Anthropopatheia. App-6. LORD = Jehovah, in His covenant relation with mankind. destroy = wipe off, blot out. the generations. Hebrew. toledoth = family history. man = Hebrew. ’ish. See App-14. perfect. Hebrew. tamin, without blemish as to breed or pedigree. See App-26. All flesh corrupted but Noah’s family. See verses: Genesis 6:11, Genesis 6:12. his generations: his contemporaries. Hebrew. dor (not toledoth, as at beginning of the verse). See note on Genesis 7:1. walked. Same as Genesis 5:22, Genesis 5:24. Hebrew = walked habitually. three sons. See Genesis 9:18; Genesis 10:1; and 1 Chronicles 1:4. See note on Genesis 5:32. corrupt: destroyed by being debased. violence: the Figure of speech Metonymy. App-6. all flesh. Noah’s family the only exception. The Figure of speech Synecdoche (of the Part), App-6. God = the Creator in connection with the two beasts for preservation (verses: Genesis 6:13, Genesis 6:22, Genesis 6:9). Jehovah in Genesis 7:1, in connection with the seven clean for sacrifice. See note on Genesis 6:19. ark. Hebrew. tebah = a floating [building] (not ’aron, a chest). So in Exodus 2:2, Exodus 2:3. of. Genitive of material. App-17. rooms = nests. pitch it = coat it. Hebrew. kaphar, to cover: the only word for "atonement" in O.T. So that it is only atonement that can keep the waters of judgment from us. with pitch = Hebrew. kopher = resin (not "pitch" or bitumen, which is zepheth, Exodus 2:3 Isaiah 34:9, Isaiah 34:9). cubit. The latest approximation gives Genesis 17:5 inches. But this is the "profane" cubit. The sacred cubit was probably about 25 inches. window. Hebrew = a place for light (Genesis 7:11; Genesis 8:6). I, even I. Figure of speech Epizeuxis. App-6. a flood. Hebrew. mabbul. Limited to this account of the Deluge, and Psalms 29:10, which therefore refers to it. The Babylonian tablets of the Epic of Gilgames are the traditional accounts of primitive truths, corrupted in transmission. The inspired account here corrects the imaginary accretions which had gathered round it. all flesh. Figure of speech Synecdoche (of part), put here for every kind of being. breath. Hebrew. ruach = spirit. See App-9. life. Hebrew. chaiyim, plural for all kinds and manifestations. die = cease to breathe, expire. covenant. First occurrence of the word. and. Note the Polysyndeton (App-6) emph, the assurance given to each. two. For preservation of species. In contrast with the "seven" (Genesis 7:2) clean animals, which were for sacrifice. Hence here it is Elohim (verses: Genesis 6:13, Genesis 6:22, Genesis 6:9) as the Creator; while in Genesis 7: it is Jehovah in His covenantrelation. See App-4. of. Samaritan Pentateuch, Targum of Onkelos, The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, Septuagint, and Syriac read "and of". earth = ground.