Cæsarius meantime had returned to the Court
and had received from Valens a valuable piece of preferment in
Bithynia; but in the end of 368 or beginning of 369, having been
terrified by a great earthquake, during which he had been in
considerable danger, he was arranging matters for his final retirement,
when he was seized with illness, and very soon died, leaving all his
property, which must have amounted to a considerable sum, to his
brother in trust for the poor. He was buried at Nazianzus, and on
the occasion of his funeral his brother preached the Sermon which is
numbered VIII. in the Benedictine Edition. About the same time,
but a little later, Gorgonia also departed, and he preached a funeral
sermon on her too. Eusebius of Cæsarea died in 370, and
Basil at once wrote an urgent letter to Gregory, begging him to come to
Cæsarea, probably in order to get him elected Archbishop.
Gregory, however, declined to go, and he and his father exerted
themselves to the utmost of their power to procure the election of
Basil; the elder Gregory writing through his son two letters, one
addressed to the people of Cæsarea, the other to the Provincial
Synod, urging Basil’s claims very strongly. Though ill at
the time, he managed to convey himself to the Metropolis in time for
the meeting of the Synod; and Basil was elected and consecrated.
Gregory wrote him a letter of congratulation; not, however, a very warm
one; but when troubles began to arise he spoke out with all the fervour
of their early friendship in support of the Archbishop. About
this time Valens divided the civil Province of Cappadocia into two, one
of which had Cæsarea, the other Tyana, for its Metropolis.
Anthimus, Bishop of the latter See, thereupon claimed to be ipso
facto Metropolitan of the new Province, a claim which Basil
strenuously resisted, as savouring of what we call Erastianism. A
long dispute followed, in the course of which Basil, to assert his
rights as Metropolitan, and to strengthen his own hands, erected
several new Bishoprics in the disputed Province; and to one of these,
Sasima, a miserable little village he consecrated his friend Gregory,
almost by force. Gregory was, not unnaturally, indignant at this
treatment; while Basil, whose great object had been to strengthen
himself against Anthimus, took it as unkind of Gregory to be so
reluctant to comply with his friend’s wishes. So the two
were for a long time in very strained relations to one another.
Although, however, Gregory ultimately yielded to the earnest wish of
his father, and submitted to the authority of the Archbishop, yet he
did not disguise his reluctance, and in the Sermons which he preached
on the occasion (Or. ix. x.) he spoke very strongly on the point.
Anthimus, however, occupied the village of Sasima with troops, and
prevented Gregory from taking peaceable possession of his See, which it
is probable he never actually administered, for his father begged him
to remain at Nazianzus and continue his services as coadjutor
Bishop. The contest about the Metropolitanate of Tyana went on
for some time, but in the end, mainly by Gregory’s mediation, it
was amicably settled. In 374 Gregory the elder died, and his wife
also, and thus our Saint was set free from the charge of the
diocese. He spoke a panegyric at his father’s funeral, and
wrote a number of little “In Memoriam” poems to his
mother’s memory; and out of respect for his father continued to administer the See
of Nazianzus for about a year, making great efforts meanwhile to secure
the appointment of a Bishop. But, perceiving that his efforts
would be fruitless, because of the devotion of the people to himself,
he at length withdrew, after a very serious illness, to Seleucia in
Isauria (375,) where he lived three or four years, attached to the
famous Church of S. Thecla. Very little is known of his life
there; but it must have been at this period that he heard of the death
of Basil, upon whom two years later in the Cathedral of Cæsarea he
pronounced a splendid panegyric.