This is the
Stoic doctrine. “Stoicorum quidem facilis conclusio
est; qui cum finem bonorum esse senserint, congruere naturæ,
cumque ea convenienter vivere.” cf.
Cic., De Fin. iii. 7, 26, and De Nat. D. i. 14,
and Hor., Ep., i. x. 12. “Vivere naturæ
si convenienter oportet.” So the Stoics’ main
rule of life is ὁμολογουμένως
τῇ φύσει
ζῆν. But with Basil this
apparent disregard of the doctrine of original sin and the need
of grace for redemption must be understood in the light of the
catholic doctrine that sin is the corruption of human nature
(cf. Art. ix. of Original or Birth Sin), which nature,
though corrupt and prone to evil, retains capacities for
good. But these capacities do need grace and
training. cf. Basil’s Homily on Ps.
xlv. 166. “What is said about the Saviour had a
double sense on account of the nature of the Godhead and the
Economy of the incarnation. So, looking to the humanity of
God, it is said ‘thou hast loved righteousness and hated
iniquity,’ instead of saying ‘the rest of men by
toil and discipline and careful attention mostly attain a
disposition towards good and an aversion from vice. But
thou hast a kind of natural relationship to good and alienation
from iniquity.’ And so to us, if we will, it is not
hard to acquire a love of righteousness and a hatred of
iniquity.” i.e. In Christ, redeemed humanity
loves good, and all men ‘naturally’ do need toil and
discipline. The heredity of sin is recognised by
Basil. (e.g. in Hom. in Famen.
7.) Man fell from grace given, and must return to it.
(Serm. Ascet. in init.) It must always be remembered
that questions of original sin, the will, and grace never had the
same importance in the Greek as they had in the Latin
church. cf. Dr. Travers Smith on St. Basil (c. ix.
p. 108) and Böhringer (Das Vierte
Jahrhundert. Basil, p. 102) who remarks:
Wenn er auch noch von einer “Wieder
herstellung des freien Willens, den wir zu brauchbaren
Gefässen für den Herrn und zu jedem guten Werke
fähig Werden” (De spir. sanct. 18) spricht, so hat er
dies doch nirgends begründet, obschon er bei der Besprechung
der Folgen des Falls zuweilen sich äussert, es sei der
Mensch der von dem Schöpfer erhaltenen Freiheit beraubt
worden. Im Allgemeinen setzt er den freien Willen auch nach
dem Fall im Menschen so gut wieder Voraus, wie vor dem Fall, so
dass jene Aeusserungen kaum mehr als den Werth einer Redensart
haben. Im Ganzen eriunert seine Darstellung wieder an
diejenige des Athanasius, dessen Einfluss Man nicht verkennen
kann.