§ 6.  Chrism.  The custom of anointing the baptized with consecrated ointment is regarded by Cyril as a sacramental act representing the anointing of Jesus by the Spirit at His Baptism.  “As the Holy Ghost in substance lighted on Him, like resting upon like, so, after you had come up from the pool of the sacred waters, there was given to you an unction the counterpart (τὸ ἀντίτυπον) of that wherewith He was anointed, and this is the Holy Ghost Mystag. iii. § 1..”  As “He was anointed with a spiritual oil of gladness, that is with the Holy Ghost, called oil of gladness, because He is the author of spiritual gladness, so ye were anointed with ointment, and made partakers and fellows of the Christ Mystag. iii. § 2..”  The ceremony was very ancient:  there is probably a reference to it in the words of Theophilus of Antioch Ad Autolycum, i. (c. a.d. 170):  “We are called Christians, because we are anointed with the oil of God.”  Tertullian, a little later, after speaking of Baptism, says:  “Immediately on coming out of the Laver we are thoroughly anointed with a consecrated unction De Bapt. c. 7.;” and again, “After that, the hand is laid upon us in benediction, invoking and inviting the Holy Ghost Ib. c. 8..”  In another passage De Resurr. Carnis, c. 8. he mentions also the sign of the Cross:  “The flesh is washed, that the soul may be cleansed; the flesh is anointed that the soul may be consecrated, the flesh is signed [with the Cross] that the soul also may be guarded; the flesh is overshadowed by imposition of the hand, that the soul also may be illuminated by the Spirit.”