The
reference is to the Pythagorean and Aristotelian ideas of the heavens
as being like the body of Deity, something uncorrupt, different from
the four elements, and therefore called a fifth body, or
element (στοιχεῖον). In his Meteor. i. 3, De Cœlo i. 3, &c.,
Aristotle speaks of the Ether as extending from the heaven of the fixed
stars down to the moon, as of a nature specially adapted for circular
motion, as the first element in rank, but as the fifth,
“if we enumerate beginning with the elements directly known by
the senses.…the subsequently so-called πέμπτον
στοιχεῖον,
quinta essentia.” The other elements, he taught, had
the upward motion, or the downward: the earth having the
attribute of heaviness, and its natural place in the world being the
lowest; fire being the light element, and “its place the sphere
next adjoining the sphere of the ether.” See
Ueberweg’s History of Philosophy, Vol. I. p. 167,
Morris’s translation, and the chapter on the De Cœlo in
Grote’s Aristotle, Vol. II. pp. 389, &c.