3. If I must give my own view, it is
this. The phrase “like in essence,” ὅμοιον κατ᾽
οὐσίαν if it be read with the addition
“without any difference,” ἀπαραλλάκτως. I
accept as conveying the same sense as the homoousion, in accordance
with the sound meaning of the homoousion. Being of this mind the
Fathers at Nicæa spoke of the Only-begotten as “Light of
Light,” “Very God of very God,” and so on, and then
consistently added the homoousion. It is impossible for any one
to entertain the idea of variableness of light in relation to light, of
truth in relation to truth, nor of the essence of the Only begotten in
relation to that of the Father. If, then, the phrase be accepted
in this sense, I have no objection to it. But if any one cuts off
the qualification “without any difference” from the word
“like,” as was done at Constantinople, i.e. at
the Acacian council of Constantinople in 360, at which fifty bishops
accepted the creed of Arminum as revised at Nike, proscribing
οὐσια
and ὑπόστασις, and pronounced the Son to be “like the Father, as say the Holy
Scriptures.” cf. Theod. II. xvi. and Soc. II.
xli. In 366 Semiarian deputies from the council of Lampsacus
represented to Liberius at Rome that κατὰ
πάντα
ὅμοιος and ὁμοούσιος
were equivalent. then I regard the phrase with suspicion, as
derogatory to the dignity of the Only-begotten. We are frequently
accustomed to entertain the idea of “likeness” in the case
of indistinct resemblances, coming anything but close to the
originals. I am myself for the homoousion, as being less open to
improper interpretation. But why, my dear sir, should you not pay
me a visit, that we may talk of these high topics face to face, instead
of committing them to lifeless letters,—especially when I have
determined not to publish my views? And pray do not adopt, to me,
the words of Diogenes to Alexander, that “it is as far from you
to me as from me to you.” I am almost obliged by ill-health
to remain like the plants, in one place; moreover I hold “the
living unknown” λάθε
βιώσας is quoted by
Theodoret in Ep. lxii. as a saying of “one of the men
once called wise.” It is attributed to Epicurus.
Horace imitates it in Ep. I. xvii. 10: “Nec
vixit male qui natus moriensque fefellit.” So
Ovid, Tristia III. iv. 25: “crede mihi; bene
qui latuit, bene vixit,” and Eurip., Iph. in Aul.
17:
Ζηλῶ
σὲ, γέρον,
Ζηλῶ
δ᾽ ἀνδρῶν ὃς
ἀκινδυνον
Βίον
ἐξεπέρασ᾽
ἀγνὼς
ἀκλεής.
Plutarch has an essay on the question,
εἰ
καλῶς ἐ&
176·ρηται τὸ
λάθε
βιώσας. to be one of the
chief goods. You, I am told, are in good health; you have made
yourself a citizen of the world, and you might consider in coming to
see me that you are coming home. It is quite right for you, a man
of action, to have crowds and towns in which to show your good
deeds. For me, quiet is the best aid for the contemplation and
mental exercise whereby I cling to God. This quiet I cultivate in
abundance in my retreat, with the aid of its giver, God. Yet if
you cannot but court the great, and despise me who lie low upon the
ground, then write, and in this way make my life a happier
one.