11. καὶφιλοτιμεῖσθαιἡσυχάζειν] For a certain amount of restlessness amongst the Thessalonians, apparently owing to their eschatological expectations, see Intr. p. 46 f. The verb φιλοτιμεῖσθαι is found again in Romans 15:20, 2 Corinthians 5:9, and in all three passages seems to have lost its original idea of emulation , and to mean little more than ‘ be zealous,’ ‘ strive eagerly,’ in accordance with its usage in late Gk.: cf. Aristeas 79 ἅπανταφιλοτιμηθέντεςεἰςὑπεροχὴνδόξηςτοῦβασιλέωςποιῆσαι, and see P.Petr. 3:42 h (8) f., 3 f. (3./b.c.) ἐφιλοτιμοῦμεπαραγε[νέσθαιπρὸςοὲκαὶ] ἦλθον, P.Tebt. 410, 10 (1./a.d.) ἐφιλοτ[ι]μοῦσὺνἐμοὶμεῖναι, and for the corresponding adj. P.Petr. 1:29, 12, (Ptol.) where a steward writes to his employer that he had borrowed four artabae of wheat which a certain Dynis had offered and ‘ was pressing’ (φιλοτίμουὄντος) to lend. Along with φιλοτιμία, φιλοτιμεῖσθαι is very common in Gk. honorary decrees where its general meaning is ‘ to act with public spirit,’ e.g. C.I.A. 2:444, 2:23 ff. (2./b.c.) ὅπωςοὖνκαὶἡβουλὴκαὶὁδῆμοςμνημονεύοντεςφαίνωνταιτῶνεἰςἑαυτοὺςφιλοτιμουμένων. See also Field Notes p. 165, Hicks C.R. 1. p. 46. With ἡσυχάζειν (a favourite Lukan word, e.g. Luke 14:3, Acts 11:18) contrast περιεργάζεσθαι 2 Thessalonians 3:11, and with the striking oxymoron (Beza et contendatis quieti esse) cf. Romans 12:11 τῇσπουδῇμὴὀκνηροί, Philippians 4:7 ἡεἰρήνη ... φρουρήσει, Hebrews 10:24 εἰςπαροξυσμὸνἀγάπης. καὶπράσσειντὰἴδια] The commentators draw attention to the similar juxtaposition found in Plato Rep. 6:496 d where the philosopher who has escaped from the dangers of political life is described as ἡσυχίανἔχωνκαὶτὰαὑτοῦπράττων, while the general thought is illustrated by another passage from the same book 4:433 a, τὸτὰαὑτοῦπράττεινκαὶμὴπολυπραγμονεῖνδικαιοσύνηἐστί: cf. also Dion Cass. lx. 27 τὴνδὲδὴἡσυχίανἄγων, καὶτὰἑαυτοῦπράττων, ἐσώζετο. In all three passages the more correct τὰἑαυτοῦ for τὰἴδια (cf. Luke 18:28) may also be noted (cf. Lob. Phryn. p. 441). καὶἐργάζεσθαικτλ.] For the bearing of these words on the general standing of the Thessalonian converts cf. 2 Thessalonians 3:10 f., and for the new dignity imparted by the Gospel to manual labour see Intr. p. 47. In accordance with a tendency of transcribers towards greater precision of statement certain mss. (à*a.d.cKL) insert ἰδίαις here before χεραίν: cf. note on c. 2:15.καθὼςὑμῖνπαρηγγείλαμεν] ‘ even as we charged you’— the use of the emphatic παραγγέλλειν, which is specially used in class. writers of the orders of military commanders (cf. note on παραγγελία v. 2), bringing out the authority with which the Apostles spoke, cf. 2 Thessalonians 3:10 ff. The verb is a favourite with Luke (Gosp.4 Acts 11), and outside these Epp. and 1 Tim. is found elsewhere in the Pauline writings 1 Corinthians 7:10; 1 Corinthians 11:17.